Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use Only Essay example -- pro me

The history of U.S. policy toward mind-altering substances has followed cycles of tolerance and intolerance ever since the mid-19th century. The medical use of the cannabis plant goes back at least 5,000 years to ancient China. It has been used by most of the worlds cultures for its healing properties (Medical Marijuana Cases 1). Today such conditions as Migraine headaches, Glaucoma, Cancer, Epilepsy, asthma attack AIDS/HIV, Spinal injury, Muscle spasms, Insomnia etc., could be treated for symptomatic relief with cannabis or cannabis extract. However, cannabis is still considered an illegal drug in most states in the United States.Marijuana usage may have been common 20-30 years ago, but it really isnt any longer. Judy Foreman states that a hardy band of activists seeking legislative approval of perennial bill that would bring Massachusetts in line with 34 other states in permit patients with certain conditions smoke marijuana (1). 2 What was known, as the wicked weed of the sixt ies can be good medicine . Marijuana certainly seems safer than may other drugs, even aspirin that causes gastrointestinal bleeding, killing hundreds of people every year (Grinspoon/Bakalar 4).3 There are lots of drugs American society does non let people use except under doctors care, for instance, cocaine, Demerol, est. No one thinks we have legalized cocaine because we let surgeon or anesthesiologists use it. Therefore, the touch that there is a link between medical use and whether people should to be able to legally get stoned is nonsense. One situation does not necessarily include the other. Nevertheless, there has not been a single death by overdose (Foreman 4).2 As an enlightened society, we must(prenominal) reconsider the legalization of marijuana for medical use only as it eases pain and suffering of many illnesses.To effect changing the attitudes within our society about marijuana, one must be realistic about the legislation of our own bodies. Right now cocaine and morp hine are prescribed legally as medicines, and those legal uses are not adding in any significant way to the country drug problem. While experts debate the medical use of marijuana, patients in Santa Cruz, San Francisco and Alameda County are lining up at Cannabis Buyers Club to receive the drug. Despite the coffee house atmosphere at the Cannabis Buyers Club marijuana remains illegal. Although some ch... ...ting a combine total of almost 10,000 physicians statewide endorse the proposition (Dont Jail Med 5).9 What can we do to help? We must stop building prisons instead we must rebuild our lives.Works Cited1. Mikki, Norris, and Chris Conrad. Medical Marijuana Cases. N.p. Inernet mario lap, 1996.2. Foreman, Judy. Medical Marijuana (Acure or Curse). Boston Globe Boston, Mass. 7 Oct. 1991 25-263. Grinspoon, Lester, and James B. Bakalar. Marihuana as Medicine A Plea for Reconsideration. American Medical Association. 273 (June 1995) 1875-1876.4. Donnelly, Kathleen. The Cannabis Prescrip tion. San Joes Mercury News, 6 Feb 5. Schlosser, Eric. More juncture Madness. Atlantic Apr. 1997 90-1026. Deglamorising Cannabis. tower Lancet 11 Nov. 1995 1241.7. Marijuana as Medicine. Editorial San Francisco Chronicle 31 Jan. 1997 A24.8. Morganthau, Tom. The War Over Weed. Newsweek 3 Feb. 1997 20+.9. Dont Jail Medicinal Marijuana Patients. Online NORML Internet. 21 Nov. 1996.10. Mikuriya, Tod. Marijuana Medical Handbook. N.p. Internet.11. Postrel, Virginia I. Reefer Madness. Washington Post 3 Mar. 1997 4.

Womens Inferior Status in The Bible Essay -- Status of Women in the B

Corinthians 1434 states, Let the women keep silence in the churches for it is not permitted unto them to speak but let them be in subjection, as also saith the law (Holy Bible, King James Edition). Edith Hamilton, recognized as the greatest woman Classicist, says that the Bible is the only book before our speed of light that looked to women as human beings, no better nor worse than men (Tanner). However, it cannot be said that this book was consistently favorable to women. Maybe not absolutely, but conditionally in personal opinion, the Bible shows numerous examples of a womans inferiority to men, an assessment that has been translated into the cultures of generations. In this essay I will address short instances in the bible pertaining to women, and continue on with thoughts on how I believe these notions have been interpreted into society. Interpretations of the Bible are influential to our society because in the unite States, approximately eighty-three percent of the po pulation is Christian, according to a poll performed by ABC News. Perhaps the Bible is written with women subservient to men because the rattling narrative of creation is written as such. Genesis serves as the foundation of not only our universe, but also the religious text. In the biblical story of creation, ten came first, then came the animals, and then last of all came Eve, putting the origin of women last. Then, it is Eve who is vulnerable enough for evil to deceive her into taking the apple and she who persuades Adam to follow her example. This sets up a basis that women are inherently weak and ungodly for the rest of the faith to be built upon. (Stanton)The negative view of the womanish sex continues in Leviticus, in a section dictating the re... ... a merely a reflection of Hebrew society of the time (Stanton). Jesus Christ, being a reformer, should have improved the status of women with his message of love and acceptance. However, there is no denying that the stigma is carried with women into the present day. Womens position in society can be greatly attributed to their depiction in religious text. Holy word is still a factor in making women more susceptible, more culpable, and more sinful an impure than men. Even as women move up in the social order, religion is timeless and ever bearing on the struggle women fight for knowledgeable equality. Works CitedThe Holy Bible. New York Penguin, 1994. Print. King James Version.Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, et al. The Womans Bible . Salem Ayer Company, Publishers, 1988.Tanner, Stephen L. Women in Literature of the Old Testament. University of Idaho, 1975.

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Essay -- Literary Analysis

Ernest Hemingway developed his own style of writing and follows it in A Clean, Well-Lighted federal agency. Hemingways elegance in writing is such that he indirectly gives each(prenominal) of the information to the reader without making any creative thinker thus allowing one to create an opinion about every minute detail of the story. Hemingway illustrates his foundations of writing in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by providing fine clues that provide an indirect view of the larger meaning. Hemingway illustrates one of his elements of writing, neglectfulness, by providing two servers and their exchange of speech and actions with each other and their customer, the quondam(a) humanity. By doing so, he provides all of the information for readers to create an assumption about the individuals traits the saintly and level(p) wicked. In the story we are given a scene with the old drunken man and the younger waiter. The old man asks for another brandy while pointing to his empty glass . The younger of the two waiters brashly began his dialogue with Finished, he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners. No more tonight. Close now. Another, said the old man. No. Finished. The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head. The old man stands to leave, counts his tab, pays for his brandy, even leaves a tip for the waiters, and then begins to walk away with dignity even for his drunken stupor. (153-154) In this passage the reader is provided with several concepts that help to create the depictions of the old man and the younger waiter. Foremost, the reader is struck with the incivility of the old man unless, before he leaves the caf one is forced to become a sympathizer for the fact that ... ...ith him, probably would drink all night with him too. This is very typical of Hemingway in the fact that he cannot help but to create a story where the reader must not only have backgrou nd knowledge but also, be completely immersed into the story and become an omnipotent reader. With all of Hemingways elements of writing these are the most becoming of his typical writing style. They create a very broad sense for the reader and make it very imperative for one to become a central part of the story. Though he is a very exemplary writer Hemingway employs very artistic and almost novel forms of writing to his works of literature.Works CitedCover PageHemingway, Ernest. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 11th ed. New York Longman. 2010 152-155. Print.

Mexican Immigration Before and After World War II Essay -- Mexicans Al

Mexi abide Immigration Before and After World War II Coming from a breeding of p everywherety and despair would cause anyone to search for a better life a life in which there is the belief that all of your dreams can come true. This is the belief that many Mexican immigrants had about El Norte, they believed that the north would provide them with the opportunity that their life in Mexico had not. Many Immigrants believed that the United States was the land of opportunity, a place to find a successful job and live out the life that one only dreamt about living. The North was an open paradise for the immigrants. They were told by the people who had already ventured to the north that the United States was a simple life, in which one could live like a king or queen, but in reality immigrants were treated like slaves in the new country that promised them their dreams.Most Immigrants who enter the United States are searching for work and the opportunity to live a better life. They are fr om small towns deep within Mexico that do not offer much opportunity for the people of the town to live a golden life and to provide for their family. In the small town of Sierra Mixteco, men women and children arrived in town at various times of the day bent over loads of fire wood gathered from the mountains to give away in the town market. For those who did not sell fire wood, they spent their time making straw hats to sell in the markets of larger towns, both of these jobs only provided pennies a day for the families to survive on. So the stories that the men brought back from the North gave the people of the small towns the hope that a better life did exist. It was typical for the men to travel to the north first in order to find a job and set up the life for his family. In the town of San Geronimo, 85% of all men over the age of 15 had left the village in search of work in new(prenominal) parts of Mexico and in the United States. The men would make the trip alone and would send the money that they had made to their wives and children back in the village. The trip to the North was pine and very dangerous. For the men who entered the country illegally, the trip could even be deadly. For the men who did have some money, they would hire a coyote, a man who would help them get through the border for a price. Sometimes coyotes were legitimate people who sought to help others, while... ... wish come true by finally making it to the North, all of their dreams did not come true. As seen through the decades, there was not an abundance of jobs available to immigrants and those that were available were low paying. Many immigrants simply worked until they had made enough money and so went back home to Mexico. In the fall for example, after the harvest in the valley, families of Mexican and American children would load up and head back to Mexico for weeks and months. School teachers would say, What a shame it was that Mexicans did that to their children (taking them out of school to travel back to Mexico). The life of immigrants was not all that they had expected, many were homesick for their native land, but yet they did not fate to convey to their families how depressing life was in the United States they only shared the good news. The immigrants at first certainly did not have the opportunities they were promised but they did take greatly to our national image and wealth. They also filled a large void after the war started and were given skilled jobs in return for stepping up. whole information taken from The American Identity CDwww.Wikipedia.org

Nostradamus: The Truth Behind the Prophecies Essay -- Prophecy Prophet

For Many years scholars and interpreters have been trying to find any truth thatcould possibly be make in the writings of Nostradamus. For many make people havebeen convinced that this man could see the future and he entryed it in his manyjournals and books titled The Centuries. The writings and prophecies have been a contentious issue for many years. Most Nostradomus translators have more than likelymisinterpreted his work because of his dear(p)ly illegible style of writings, thus falseinformation is commonly found about this man of the past.Nostradamus, a French Jew converted to Christian who lived in France in the 16thcentury. Born Michel de Nostredame on December 14th 1503 in St. Remy, France. Hewas the oldest of five children. His grandfather, Jean, taught him Latin, Greek, Hebrew,mathematics and astrology at an early age. Nostradamus received a medical degree in1529 and became a physician. Nostradamus made his reputation as a doctor ofextraordinary skill gave generously to the poor. (Sobel B)Nostradamus was in his late when he frequently went into a meditative state andreported to have visions of the future. He began to document his visions in a number ofjournals in a mixture of Latin, French, and Greek quatrains, publishing his famousCenturies in 1558. Nostradamus had married twice, losing his first wife and children tothe plague. Living in France from 1503-1566 AD, making a living as a wealthy Frenchastrologer and physician, Nostradamus led an almost perfect life for his time.The Frechman also pretended his own remainder which occurred on July 2, 1566. I twas the end of his foretelling the future on this planet.De retour dambassade, don de roy mis au lieu,Plus n1en fera sera alle a DieuParans plus proches, amis, freres du sang,Trouve tout mort pres du lict et du banc.When translatedOn his return from the embassy, having secured the kings gift,He will be no more, (his spirit) having returned to God,Nearby will be his close family, his friends and h is brothers,He will be found dead near the bed and the bench.Nostradamus returned to his home late in the day returning from a visit of the kingfor which he was presented with three hundred gold crowns. After being worn out fromthe carriage ride home he decided t... ... predictions are fakemany do believe that he could accurately predict the future.Lets just think for a second, What could I predict for the future that will ensure myprediction to come true? The first thing that I would do is predict something to go throughwith fire. Come on how many events in the past, present, and future resolve in a fire? Iwould also predict it to happen in a large city like our ever so brilliant Nostradamus.Answer this, how many things have happened in the city as result to fire. Eventually itwould come true and Nostradamus was no dummy. Is it wrong to assume that Nostradamus could in fact predict the future? From theinformation gathered it is easy to come to the final result that the writing s of Nostradamuscan no more tell the future than a childs nursery rhyme.A prediction that can only be interpreted after the events it supposedly foreseeshave occurred is not a predition at all. Anyone could spew out a thousand vagueprophecies and not have to excuse what they meant until after the events theysupposedly predicted had occurred. With this it is possible for anyone to manage a pretty impressiverecord for accuracy too.

Nostradamus: The Truth Behind the Prophecies Essay -- Prophecy Prophet

For Many years scholars and interpreters pick out been trying to find any truth thatcould possibly be set in the books of Nostradamus. For many occasions people confoundbeen convinced that this man could see the future and he documented it in his manyjournals and books titled The Centuries. The writings and prophecies have been acontroversial issue for many years. Most Nostradomus translators have more than likelymisinterpreted his work because of his nearly illegible style of writings, thus false culture is commonly found about this man of the past.Nostradamus, a French Jew converted to Christian who lived in France in the 16thcentury. Born Michel de Nostredame on December fourteenth 1503 in St. Remy, France. Hewas the oldest of five children. His grandfather, Jean, taught him Latin, Greek, Hebrew,mathematics and astrology at an early age. Nostradamus received a medical degree in1529 and became a physician. Nostradamus made his report as a doctor ofextraordinary skill gave gene rously to the poor. (Sobel B)Nostradamus was in his late when he frequently went into a meditative state andreported to have visions of the future. He began to document his visions in a number ofjournals in a mixture of Latin, French, and Greek quatrains, publishing his famousCenturies in 1558. Nostradamus had married twice, losing his first wife and children tothe plague. Living in France from 1503-1566 AD, making a living as a wealthy Frenchastrologer and physician, Nostradamus led an almost perfect life for his time.The Frechman likewise predicted his own death which occurred on July 2, 1566. I twas the end of his foretelling the future on this planet.De retour dambassade, don de roy mis au lieu,Plus n1en fera sera alle a DieuParans positive(p) proches, amis, freres du sang,Trouve tout mort pres du lict et du banc.When translatedOn his return from the embassy, having secured the kings gift,He will be no more, (his spirit) having returned to God,Nearby will be his close family, his friends and his brothers,He will be found dead near the bed and the bench.Nostradamus returned to his home late in the day returning from a visit of the kingfor which he was presented with three hundred gilded crowns. After being worn out fromthe carriage ride home he decided t... ... predictions are fakemany do believe that he could accurately predict the future.Lets just think for a second, What could I predict for the future that will ensure myprediction to come true? The first social occasion that I would do is predict something to happenwith fire. Come on how many events in the past, present, and future result in a fire? Iwould besides predict it to happen in a large city like our ever so brilliant Nostradamus.Answer this, how many things have happened in the city as result to fire. Eventually itwould come true and Nostradamus was no dummy. Is it wrong to assume that Nostradamus could in fact predict the future? From theinformation gathered it is smooth to come to th e conclusion that the writings of Nostradamus evict no more tell the future than a childs nursery rhyme.A prediction that can only be interpreted after the events it supposedly foreseeshave occurred is non a predition at all. Anyone could spew out a thousand vagueprophecies and not have to explain what they meant until after the events theysupposedly predicted had occurred. With this it is possible for anyone to manage a pretty impressiverecord for accuracy too.

Big business affects ethics in promotion Essay

Ethics in marketing and promotion activities has been disregarded in the business world today. The reason once again is the plentiful profit at stake. Because queen-sized business entails big amount of profit, promotional morality has been undermined. This gives birth to the deterioration of promotional ethics. History has sh experience many promotional activities that need evolved in style as well as in form while safeguarding the basic interest of promotions which is to profit just give c be in the lottery form of promotions. In the 1960s, lottery-like contests knowing to publicize harvest-tides through sweepstakes competitions spread rapidly.In the 19th century, all(prenominal) state banned lotteriesdefined as competitions in which chances to win prizes were soldto protect citizens. In 1868, Congress prohibited the distribution of lottery materials through the mail. The mid-20th century sweepstakes, however, did not require contestants to purchase tickets or products to w in prizes and were thus considered legal. (Congress, 1970) In promoting a product, it is of a general rule that one must be honest. But looking at the business world today, honesty has vanished. The promotions in the business world have been characterized by deception.Majority of the companies promoting their products are only deceiving clients for earning purposes. They want a fast disposal of their products so that their capital and profit ordain soon be seen. They wear offt care if the product is falsely advertised, all they care about is the people buying it. This absence of honesty and truthfulness plagues the business world. A product of such untruthfulness most of the time are discussed in court where a lot of clients give their complaints. Dishonesty can also be seen in instances like a company is telling the public that the product weighs like and the product gives vitamins such as these.But in reality, all they are saying are false and untruthful. This reality is very p revalent that sometimes people see it as just normal in marketing. Being dishonest sometimes is already accepted as part of the business world. In promotions, companies never look at the lineament of their products. They just focus on promoting it and deceiving the public just again for profit. Promotions then become just words of manipulating the people. They do away from the criteria that what is said regarding a product must coincide with the truth about it.But in reality, truth about the product and the quality of the product diverge in two different directions. In promotion ethics, welfare of the clients must be start-off and foremost bannered. The clients are the ones giving life to the business world and they are the ones using the products. Again, with the prevalence of deception, businesses view the people as only tools for a sought after end. They forget that the reason they indulge in business is not only for profit but for the service to the people. The people must ex perience good quality service from the business world.People must be given an honest and sincere service by businesses. The glamour for money of the people makes the promotional ethics deteriorate. This is a sad reality that we face. Now, it is true that it is very hard to overcome this because most people are very much inclined with money and the magnate in it. The constant desire of people to gain and assimilate material things brings about all the disease in promotional ethics. These are diseases that eat every persons being and not only deteriorates the promotional world but also the dignity of people inside it.SUMMARYWhile big business becomes bigger, media will continually be challenged to hold on to their ethical standards while balancing itself on the persuasive power of business to control media decisions of what to communicate and what information to keep on away from public scrutiny. As these two forces contend with each other, using each other as leverage to further on es own interests, balancers are needed. Social responsibility and media ethics are needed to strike the balance between these two forces from using each others strengths in order for the other to become bigger monsters that they are. Big business has changed the world.The global growth of corporate culture has brought with it the spread of democratic systems, increased wealth and education, and change local economies. But it has also created extreme degrees of exploitation, greed, and environmental destruction. (Enlightennext, 2006) It is a matter of time when consumers finally realize that they have the power to tip the scales between big business and media and forge these two giants to adhere to their social responsibility, ethical standards in a global setting.REFERENCES American Advertising Federation Board of Directors, demonstrate 2, 1984, San Antonio, Texas.Berlau, John. March 18, 2002. Is big business ethically bankrupt? Insight on the News Blohowiak, Donald W. 1987. No C omment An Executives Essential Guide to the News Media. Praeger Publishers Bowers, Chris. 2004.Media collect Will Attempt to Swing Election For Bush http//www. mydd. com/story/2004/10/9/153537/663 Congress, House, Select Committee on Small Business, Investigation of iPreselected Winnersi Sweepstakes Promotions Hearings before the Subcommittee on Activities of Regulatory Agencies Relating to Small Business of the Select Committee on Small Business , House of Representatives, 91st Cong., 1st sess. , Washington, D. C. , November 12, 13, and 14, 1969 (Washington Government Printing Office, 1970).DuBrin, J. , Andrew, (February 2004). Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior. South- westernmost Publication, 2004 Donaldson, T (1988). Broadcasters Seek to Clean Up the Industry and Hope to Regulated Commercial Activities on the Air, Ethical Dilemnas. Chicago, 1988 Evans, Fred J. 1987. Managing the Media Proactive Strategy for Better Business-Press Relations. Quorum Books. Ethics and Televis ion.November 21, 2006 from http//www. museum. tv/archives/etv/E/htmlE/ethicsandte/ethicsandte. htm Enligthennext. 2006. Can Big Business Save the World? Retrieved November 21, 2006 from http//www. wie. org/business/ Gardner, Howard and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, William Damon 2001. Good Work When Excellence and Ethics Meet. Basic Books Glover, JD. 1954. The Attack on Big Business. Harvard University Press How Much Do Television Ads Cost? November 21, 2006 From http//www. gaebler. com/Television-Advertising-Costs. htm Liebert, R. M., & Sprafkin, J. (1988).The Early Window (3rd ed. )New York Pergamon. McGuire, William J, 1986. The Myth of Massive Media Impact Savaging and Salvaging. in C. Comstock (ed) Public Communication Campaigns. second edition. Newbury Park CA Sage. NBC. National Broadcasters Meet at Chicago and Adopt Code of Ethics New York Times (New York), March 26, 1929. Perse, Elizabeth M. 2001. Media Effects and Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Smith. J. W. 1994. The Wor lds Wasted Wealth II, (Institute for Economic Democracy, 1994), p. 224.

Video Game Violence

Video zippy Violence Video Game Violence Law Poses Questions, is an editorial located in the online magazine V Planet. Vance Velez, the reason of the moot issue, opposes the majuscule pr recreateice of law involving specific forms of mental picture bet force out, which is on the verge of being passed in the Legislature. He successfully persuades his auditory modality that the Washington law jells mickles rights and that they should take a stand against the proposed law. His auditory modality implicates people who ar in estimate of the Washington law, film-to doe with p arnts, and adult mental picture gamers that oppose the Washington law, who argon, in his commentary, those 18 or older.Those who be in favor of the law whitethorn include politicians, or m early(a)s who freighter relate to influential violence on nestlingren. Adult television set gamers are those who make happy playing mental picture games as a favorite pastime, just homogeneous golf or aero bics, for most Americans. Its no cable that picture show games are becoming more(prenominal) convulsive, states Velez. Many levys and politicians oppose the violence some rase want to get these kind of television set games put awayned. A politician who opposes this specific form of violence is bloody shame Lou Dickerson. Mary Lou Dickerson is a State Legislator who has proposed a law to restrict current violent existent in video games.The proposed law, which is quoted in the editorial, states Levies a fine up to 500 dollars on anyone who rents or sells to someone 17 or lateer computer games in which the player kills or injures a human form that is depicted as a public law enforcement officer. constabulary officers and firefighters are included in that classification. Velez addresses more flaws in the proposed law in detail and also explains some consequences that may occur if the law is passed. Vance Velez is the author of legion(predicate) editorials that appear on this online magazine. His broad whopledge of video games allows him to pinpoint the main problems of the law.He successfully persuades people that are in favor of the law, that it may, in the long run, in truth harm our youth. The authors main argument passim the editorial is backed by issuing a series of congressmans how many another(prenominal) games that do not endanger young children, may be banned be puddle of a faulty law. He mentions that casual the law will limit peoples rights and may also act as a gateway law, to limit others rights. If they take away our right to necessitate fun and view what we enjoy, then what else will they take away when violence is still present in our cabaret? Vance Velez explains in detail why people should oppose the Washington law on video games. Although he does wrap and define many terms involving video games, he expects the reader to at least have some companionship astir(predicate) video games. He addresses many games, like Simcity and Grand Theft Auto, which have been in the mainstream lately therefore, readers must be up to date with video games and must be familiar with certain type of video games in identify to understand the authors references. Velez addresses adult video gamers and lets them know that their precious games may be lost, so he urges them to take bodily process and protest this pending law.Velez opposes the Washington law beca intent it violates peoples rights. Velez stand that taking away things mature Americans enjoy would be a crime in itself because it violates the Freedom of Speech rights. In his definition a mature American is a person who knows right from wrong. He states, The Washington law, because its built on fear of the unknown and lack of communication, fails to recognize the freedom of speech rights. The author uses intelligence by referring to peoples values of their rights. The author opens the first separate with a header, Whats the right way to protect children from violence? He collectings to those who are against video game violence and lets them know that he wants safety for our youth with the use of good reasons. He gains trust from this audience by showing he wants things for the better. His definition of children includes those who have a intellect of right and wrong but are still easily influenced. He believes that video games arent harming children its some other factor that is the reason why video games are harming very young kids, such as lack of parent guidance and discipline. Velez talks about this later on in his editorial.He then uses pathos to appeal to the feelings of concerned parents, and those who are in favor of the Washington law, as he states, This is the fourth time that politicians have tried to pass laws regulating violent cognitive content in video games. This audience sees how confused and unsuccessful the government is when it comes to passing these types of laws. This audience feels sorry for the government, th ey sort of look down at them shame. Those who are in favor of the Washington law may begin to think that people who cant make up their minds organize our country.They may start to question the proposed law and wonder if it too, will fail. Velez quotes Mary Lou Dickerson, who explains what the state legislator in truth thinks about video games in response to a lawsuit. The lawsuit filed today against Washingtons ban on sales or rentals of cop-killing games to children comes as no surprise. Certain elements of the video-game industry clearly want the right to sell any game, no matter how brutal, racist or sick, to any child, no matter how young. Velez rebuts this argument by initially stating its in violation of Freedom of Speech rights. Politicians are actually exhausting to ban violent video games which are a pastime that many adult Americans enjoy. By adult, Velez states that he means, Those people who are 18 or older. He persuades this audience to take action by standing(a) up against the law. Velez remarks, Taking away an individuals right to have fun and enjoy video games can be argued as a violation. The author is addressing adult gamers when he states this because they have the ability to stand up against such laws.The authors statements threaten adult gamers and make them have a sense of danger that their lives are being controlled. Velez begins his argument by mentioning games that are harmless, in his opinion, which may be banned because they violate the effort of the Washington law. His example of the game Simcity, appeals to tidings and ethos by explaining how an educational game would be in violation of the law. He says, In the game of Simcity, you can cause a minor disaster in your city by causing a tornado, an earthquake or a flood.These disasters can destroy the police spot or fire department, which would be in violation of the proposed Washington law. His audiences are those who are for the Washington law and concerned parents when he explains how innocent games, according to Velez, are the victims of the proposed law. He persuades them by making them bring about not all violent video games are harmful to children. I think if this audience is familiar with the game of Simcity, they would turn back that it is not a violent game, but the author makes them realize that their values will be lost if the law passes, by the use of pathos.Many video gamers would decide this offensive because they arent able to enjoy their innocent games. The audiences emotions are being involved in this paragraph with the use of pathos. The authors ethos is clarified once his familiarity and expertise with video games begin to show and as he introduces situations that are possible once the law is passed. In another example of a harmful video game, the definition according the Washington law, Velez introduces the game Rampage, where giant gorillas and lizards destroy cities, similar to King Kong.The author explains that in the game the animals are capable of crushing police move and police cars. Rampage, which attracts gamers between the ages of eight and sixteen, would be in violation of the Washington law. The author introduces the silliness of the Washington law. He makes the audience realize that highly put on characters arent harmful to children however, he states, In the governments eyes, they will make children grow up to be terrorists. Velez describes the many holes the proposed law contains.Those who are for the Washington law are persuaded with logos in this situation because they believe it is only fair for children or even adults to have fun if the game is in all safe. They may also think of other forms of entertainment that may also be involved with this kind of law. They imagine other situations where law enforcement officers are depicted or killed, such as in numerous movies such as, Robin Hood and Lethal Weapon. Why arent these issues being addressed? Are video games that much worse than viol ent movies and plays?In his last paragraph, Velez explains his beliefs involving the problems of violent video games. His finger points to government and most importantly, the childrens parents. He explains that parents have the responsibility to judge what their child sees and hears. Some adult audiences efficacy find his accusation offensive and may get turned off by his remarks, because they are blunt and obtrusive. An example of this is when he remarks, The parents should be responsible adequacy to supervise their children and make sure that that particular game does not enter the console (videogame system) itself. Reasonable adult audiences may actually listen to hear what the author is trying to get across.His use of logos appeals to those who are in favor of the Washington law because he makes them think about how parents could be the source of the problem. They may agree that parents need to be on the look out for what is safe and unsafe for their children. Velez explains that parents allow children to play violent video games that influence children to do harm which give video games as the main source of the problem. Its easier to blame an image or machine than it is to blame people, Velez said. The parent problem may make more sense to his opposing audience if they arent biased and read the editorial with an open mind. In conclusion, Vance Velez was very familiar with his topic, which gave him enough credibility to persuade those in his audience who are in favor of the Washington law, to think twice about their position and possibly accept his belief, that passing the Washington law is a mistake.Hes also successful at convincing adult gamers, those 18 or older, to take action against the proposed Washington law. His arguments were sound thought out and convincing by using logos and pathos. However, his alternative to the Washington law was a bit broad and didnt really include a solution. He identified the problems that might occur if the law is passed, such as the loss of Freedom of Speech Rights, but he had no feedback on how else to deal with the situation. I believe authors overall argument was persuading even though he didnt include a proposed solution.Video Game ViolenceVideo Game Violence Video Game Violence Law Poses Questions, is an editorial located in the online magazine V Planet. Vance Velez, the author of the controversial issue, opposes the Washington law involving specific forms of video game violence, which is on the verge of being passed in the Legislature. He successfully persuades his audience that the Washington law limits peoples rights and that they should take a stand against the proposed law. His audience includes people who are in favor of the Washington law, concerned parents, and adult video gamers that oppose the Washington law, who are, in his definition, those 18 or older.Those who are in favor of the law may include politicians, or mothers who can relate to influential violence on children. Ad ult video gamers are those who enjoy playing video games as a favorite pastime, just like golf or aerobics, for most Americans. Its no argument that video games are becoming more violent, states Velez. Many parents and politicians oppose the violence some even want to get these kind of video games banned. A politician who opposes this specific form of violence is Mary Lou Dickerson. Mary Lou Dickerson is a State Legislator who has proposed a law to restrict certain violent material in video games.The proposed law, which is quoted in the editorial, states Levies a fine up to 500 dollars on anyone who rents or sells to someone 17 or younger computer games in which the player kills or injures a human form that is depicted as a public law enforcement officer. Police officers and firefighters are included in that classification. Velez addresses many flaws in the proposed law in detail and also explains some consequences that may occur if the law is passed. Vance Velez is the author of many editorials that appear on this online magazine. His broad knowledge of video games allows him to pinpoint the main problems of the law.He successfully persuades people that are in favor of the law, that it may, in the long run, actually harm our youth. The authors main argument throughout the editorial is backed by issuing a series of examples how many games that do not endanger young children, may be banned because of a faulty law. He mentions that passing the law will limit peoples rights and may also act as a gateway law, to limit others rights. If they take away our right to have fun and view what we enjoy, then what else will they take away when violence is still present in our society? Vance Velez explains in detail why people should oppose the Washington law on video games. Although he does introduce and define many terms involving video games, he expects the reader to at least have some knowledge about video games. He addresses many games, like Simcity and Grand Theft A uto, which have been in the mainstream lately therefore, readers must be up to date with video games and must be familiar with certain type of video games in order to understand the authors references. Velez addresses adult video gamers and lets them know that their precious games may be lost, so he urges them to take action and protest this pending law.Velez opposes the Washington law because it violates peoples rights. Velez stand that taking away things mature Americans enjoy would be a crime in itself because it violates the Freedom of Speech rights. In his definition a mature American is a person who knows right from wrong. He states, The Washington law, because its built on fear of the unknown and lack of communication, fails to recognize the freedom of speech rights. The author uses logos by referring to peoples values of their rights. The author opens the first paragraph with a question, Whats the right way to protect children from violence? He appeals to those who are agai nst video game violence and lets them know that he wants safety for our youth with the use of good reasons. He gains trust from this audience by showing he wants things for the better. His definition of children includes those who have a sense of right and wrong but are still easily influenced. He believes that video games arent harming children its some other factor that is the reason why video games are harming very young kids, such as lack of parent guidance and discipline. Velez talks about this later on in his editorial.He then uses pathos to appeal to the feelings of concerned parents, and those who are in favor of the Washington law, as he states, This is the fourth time that politicians have tried to pass laws regulating violent content in video games. This audience sees how helpless and unsuccessful the government is when it comes to passing these types of laws. This audience feels sorry for the government, they sort of look down at them shame. Those who are in favor of th e Washington law may begin to think that people who cant make up their minds organize our country.They may start to question the proposed law and wonder if it too, will fail. Velez quotes Mary Lou Dickerson, who explains what the state legislator actually thinks about video games in response to a lawsuit. The lawsuit filed today against Washingtons ban on sales or rentals of cop-killing games to children comes as no surprise. Certain elements of the video-game industry clearly want the right to sell any game, no matter how brutal, racist or sick, to any child, no matter how young. Velez rebuts this argument by initially stating its in violation of Freedom of Speech rights. Politicians are actually trying to ban violent video games which are a pastime that many adult Americans enjoy. By adult, Velez states that he means, Those people who are 18 or older. He persuades this audience to take action by standing up against the law. Velez remarks, Taking away an individuals right to hav e fun and enjoy video games can be argued as a violation. The author is addressing adult gamers when he states this because they have the ability to stand up against such laws.The authors statements threaten adult gamers and make them have a sense of danger that their lives are being controlled. Velez begins his argument by mentioning games that are harmless, in his opinion, which may be banned because they violate the grounds of the Washington law. His example of the game Simcity, appeals to logos and ethos by explaining how an educational game would be in violation of the law. He says, In the game of Simcity, you can cause a minor disaster in your city by causing a tornado, an earthquake or a flood.These disasters can destroy the police station or fire department, which would be in violation of the proposed Washington law. His audiences are those who are for the Washington law and concerned parents when he explains how innocent games, according to Velez, are the victims of the p roposed law. He persuades them by making them realize not all violent video games are harmful to children. I think if this audience is familiar with the game of Simcity, they would agree that it is not a violent game, but the author makes them realize that their values will be lost if the law passes, by the use of pathos.Many video gamers would find this offensive because they arent able to enjoy their innocent games. The audiences emotions are being involved in this paragraph with the use of pathos. The authors ethos is clarified once his familiarity and expertise with video games begin to show and as he introduces situations that are possible once the law is passed. In another example of a harmful video game, the definition according the Washington law, Velez introduces the game Rampage, where giant gorillas and lizards destroy cities, similar to King Kong.The author explains that in the game the animals are capable of crushing police stations and police cars. Rampage, which attra cts gamers between the ages of eight and sixteen, would be in violation of the Washington law. The author introduces the silliness of the Washington law. He makes the audience realize that highly fictional characters arent harmful to children however, he states, In the governments eyes, they will make children grow up to be terrorists. Velez describes the many holes the proposed law contains.Those who are for the Washington law are persuaded with logos in this situation because they believe it is only fair for children or even adults to have fun if the game is completely safe. They may also think of other forms of entertainment that may also be involved with this kind of law. They imagine other situations where law enforcement officers are portrayed or killed, such as in numerous movies such as, Robin Hood and Lethal Weapon. Why arent these issues being addressed? Are video games that much worse than violent movies and plays?In his last paragraph, Velez explains his beliefs involvi ng the problems of violent video games. His finger points to government and most importantly, the childrens parents. He explains that parents have the responsibility to judge what their child sees and hears. Some adult audiences might find his accusation offensive and may get turned off by his remarks, because they are blunt and obtrusive. An example of this is when he remarks, The parents should be responsible enough to monitor their children and make sure that that particular game does not enter the console (videogame system) itself. Reasonable adult audiences may actually listen to hear what the author is trying to get across.His use of logos appeals to those who are in favor of the Washington law because he makes them think about how parents could be the source of the problem. They may agree that parents need to be on the look out for what is safe and unsafe for their children. Velez explains that parents allow children to play violent video games that influence children to do h arm which portray video games as the main source of the problem. Its easier to blame an image or machine than it is to blame people, Velez said. The parent problem may make more sense to his opposing audience if they arent biased and read the editorial with an open mind. In conclusion, Vance Velez was very familiar with his topic, which gave him enough credibility to persuade those in his audience who are in favor of the Washington law, to think twice about their position and possibly accept his belief, that passing the Washington law is a mistake.Hes also successful at convincing adult gamers, those 18 or older, to take action against the proposed Washington law. His arguments were well thought out and convincing by using logos and pathos. However, his alternative to the Washington law was a bit broad and didnt really include a solution. He identified the problems that might occur if the law is passed, such as the loss of Freedom of Speech Rights, but he had no feedback on how else to deal with the situation. I believe authors overall argument was persuading even though he didnt include a proposed solution.

Oedipus’s transition from the beginning to the end Essay

Sophocles Greek tragedy, Oedipus displays how point and destiny, rather than chance, determine the events within human life. It is this fate that turns Oedipus seemingly perfect existence full circle, leaving him with less than nothing in the end. During the course of this story, Oedipus undergoes a complete conversion because of his personal quest to let out out his true identity. He eventually learns the truth, further at a great personify. He amazes that he isnt who he believed himself to be, and he loses everything in the process.Oedipus wherefore undergoes an absolute changeover from a kingship to exile, from wisdom to confusedness, from admirability to utter shame. When Oedipus is first seen, he is clearly noted as the ruler of Thebes. The priest in occurrence regards him as, Great King of Thebes and sovereign Oedipus (Line 14). At the moment, Thebes is afflicted with a terrible and mysterious plague, which can only be eliminated when the murderer of Laius, the former King of Thebes, is exiled or killed. It is apparent that the people trust and admire their King, and so they look to him for help and guidance.This is why Oedipus acts so swiftly to find Laius murderer no matter what the cost may be. Oedipus once again exercises his kingship and power against Creon, upon hearing from Teiresias (a prophet) that he himself killed Laius. He accuses Creon of treason and sentences him to death. Even though the whole chorus and his wife, Iocasta, are against him, his will is steady carried out until he himself decides otherwise. Such makes Oedipus the most powerful man at this point. However, as the events progress, Oedipus finds out that he indeed killed Laius.Upon hearing this, Oedipus whole world shatters, and he can no longer bear the truth. He blinds and willingly sends himself to exile. Oedipus loses his title and all the power that it stands for. He is left with nothing but his life in the end. Oedipus gained his Kingship by defeating the mythica l man eating Sphinx and solving its diffuse. The circularize was, What has four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three at night? Oedipus was the only hotshot who answered, Man, causing the Sphinx to finally kill herself.Man crawled as a baby in its youth, walked with both feet during mid life, and walked with a cane when old. Answering this riddle saved the kingdom of Thebes from the feared Sphinx, and so Oedipus was forever recognized for this. Oedipus wit, however, was also the cause of his downfall. This is shown during Oedipus debate with Teiresias. As Oedipus exclaims, my skill has brought me glory, Teiresias replies, And this success brought you to ruin too (lines 441-443). In other words, Oedipus fulfilled the dark prophecy placed upon him by defeating the Sphinx and thus, marrying Iocasta.In this tragedy, Oedipus is faced with the riddle of his identity. However, despite his wit, he is never able to solve the riddle on his own. In fact, he is confused practically t hroughout the course of the story. Iocasta even solves this riddle before he does, explaining her sheer reluctance of him trying to find out. It takes a whole cluster of clues for Oedipus to finally see that he was his fathers murderer, and his mothers husband. Finally, Oedipus begins the tragedy with all the qualities of an admirable King.Oedipus genuinely loves his subjects, as can be seen in lines 58-60 My children, what you long for, that I know indeed, and pity you. He calls his citizens his children, signifying his seniority, but also his devotion to them. He is proud of his citizens and of himself. He wants to strengthen that he is a good king to his people, and so he allows Creon to speak his news from Apollo in front of all Thebans. He tells Creon, Let them all hear Their sufferings distress me more than if my own life were at stake (93-94).Also, he sincerely wants to save his citizens by finding Laius murderer as soon as possible. Therefore, he cares about his people eve n more than he does himself. Towards the end of the story, however, Oedipus becomes the epitome of shame throughout the kingdom of Thebes. In ancient Greece, family and heritage was superstar of the most important virtues practiced. And thus, killing ones own father was the most dishonorable action, next to marrying ones own mother. Oedipus, sadly, performed both of these lurid crimes which were considered worse, even, than mass murder.So Oedipus went from being the pride of Thebes to its worst shame. Oedipus is indeed so ashamed of his actions that he tells his advisor, Quick as you can, I beg, banish me, hide me, butcher me Throw me forth into the sea, where I may sink from view There is no man alive can bear this load of evil but myself. Oedipus transition is evident in how he is now pleading and begging his own advisor to banish him from Thebes. Thus, Oedipus loses everything, including his own dignity. In conclusion, Oedipus makes a tragic transition from having everything to having nothing.Because of his quest for the truth, he finally found it and suffered the most in the end. However, despite the shame in what Oedipus did, one must still admire his spirit to stay put looking for truth. It is admirable how he chose blindness rather than death, and in a way, punished himself for his past sins. Such a trait still makes him a hero, at in that sense.Sources 1. http//www. users. globalnet. co. uk/loxias/myth. htminterpretation 2. http//cgi. sparknotes. com/hlite. rmpl? words=oedipus&pd=0&page=section5. rhtml&guide=%2fdrama%2foedipus.

Elements of Stress

assay is a state of tension created when a person responds to the demands and pressures that come from changes in daily life. Because of this, try out consists of more elements its causes, effects, and steerings in which to cope with it. Therefore, strain has signifi sternt impact on people. Stress isnt a condition that just came out of the blue, wish everything else in life it was caused by something. There are four major causes of stress, each of which have their own distinct characteristics and individuality. Physical appearance and general well being is atomic number 53 of the four major causes that every superstar has experient at one time or an other(prenominal).For the most part, adolescents and older women experience more physical stress cerebrate causes than others do. This is because of extreme hormonal changes such as, puberty, menopause, etc. Puberty in adolescents overly causes increasing concerns about weight and perfection in beauty. (Whittlesey, pp. 19) A model is one person who exhibits a lot of stress because of the need to strive to be thin and beautiful. This is not to say that different age groups dont also experience this. The second major cause is social situations and interpersonal completelyiances. For the most part, this category applies to everyone.Peer groups are one of, if not the most, frequent stressors around. These groups influence opinions, judgements, and other pressures to an individual. Therefore causing an increasing level of undesired stress. Peer pressuring one another to do drugs is a prime object lesson of peer groups in relationship to stress. Sexual relationships are another stress causing agent. Sexual relations cause tensions and sexual frustration, which misfortunatelife cause stress. In younger adults, these stressors can be greater because of frequent question about sex and other s prying into the personal sexual matters.For instance the gossip of whom slept with who and so on. is because of t otaled tensions and frustration. An uneven rest surrounded by the 2 partners increases stress. School is another major cause of stress. (Mendelson, pp. 29-37) This is another stress that everyone will eventually have if they have not already undergo it. As for school, competition, usually within grades, is a major concern. Competition brings a person down from their original state of being. Students can get so ridiculous with academic competition that they result in the slipping of grades.With older students, SATs, ACTs and other college entrance exams can usually cause stress levels to rise. (McCoy, pp. 104-107) The greatest stressing agent in the school environment is from that of the teacher. (Joy, pp. 84) Teachers create undue place frustration, aggression, and confusion on their students. Some teachers have no compassion for their students break away load and schedules. Most students have notably full schedules, whether it is schoolwork, sports or other extracurricular ac tivities. These feelings are not the still things that teacher create.The responsibilities and expectations the teachers put on their students add to the amounts of stress from school. No wonder school is one of the major stressors in a persons life. The last stress factor is family relationships. The most frequent form of stress in the home is that created by divorce or remarriage. Although this form is newer, it involves a great deal of the population.In the Untied States, 45% of all children during 1983 and 1984 have experienced the divorce of their parents and will spend some of their growing-up years in a single-parent home. (Joseph Alper pp. ) Pain, suffering and tension are feelings brought on by the insularism or remarriage of ones parents. Divorce is not the only type of family stress death or serious infirmity of a family member can contribute to the formation of stress. Responsibilities at home also can create stress. The daily hassles of chores and responsibilities all add up to stress. Stress therefore can be found in many of our daily activities and problems.Sir Isaac Newton was correct in saying the statement, For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, because it applies to everything, especially stress. Stress, as an action, creates two common types of reactions. The first effects are emotional effects. Anxiety if the most well known of the emotional effects of stress.The feelings of uneasiness or apprehensiveness experienced by anticipation of a threatening situation is known anxiety. (Mendelson, pp. 43) Butterflies before taking a major test or nerves when one is ready on an airplane for the first time are two principal examples of anxiety. Depression is another well-known emotional effect of stress. Low self-esteem or something-tragic happening in someones life can construct depression.Not only does stress cause that, but it also creates mental illnesses. These can range from mental confusion to serious mental illness s uch as schizophrenia and possibly even suicide. Emotional effects are not the only stress-related effects. As referred to in the preceding paragraph, the second type of effects of stress is physical. In recent studies it was stated the two-thirds of all visits to a physician are from stress related illness. (About Stress Less Stress Facts, pp. 1) The most frequent illness seen is that of a headache. Headaches can because by many things, but stress is at the top of the list.One illness is not as frequently seen as the daily headache, is insomnia. Hypertension, more commonly known as high blood pressure, is another good example of a stress-related disease. About 5 out of every 10 Americans suffer from stress-related hypertension. In relation to hypertension is Coronary Heart Disease. This illness is another one that is quite familiar with the American public. Not only are there stress-related diseases, but there also stress aggravated diseases. Diabetes is one of these diseases. Anot her stress aggravated diseases is psoriasis. This disease seems to flare when a person aggravated or stressed out.One more major stress aggravated disease is alcoholism. Some if not all of these physical effects can lead to dismal fate. More than half of all US deaths between the ages 1 and 65 result from stress-related lifestyles. (About Stress Less Stress Facts, pp. 1) 42. 6% of adults 18= years old experienced adverse health effects from stress. (About Stress Less Stress Facts, pp. 1) Stress can be a cause or an effect, but anything of either nature needs to be coped with. Just homogeneous the effects, there are two different types of ways to cope with stress. Healthy stress management is one of two ways to deal with stress.The art of subsisting is a good start when discussing stress management, because it helps to control anxiety. Singing is one immense type of breathing technique. Music ties right in with singing. Not only are both relaxing, but you can practice both withou t even relaxing it. Mediation is also another peaceful, relaxing why to cope with stress. An example of this is yoga. Just like mediation, manipulation is also excellent for stress reduction. You can burn the fat, and relieve daily tension all at once. Along with exercise is a brawny diet. The right foods can improve your physical, mental, and emotional state of well being all at one time.The most important way to cope with stress is having friends. Friends are there to make you laugh and cheer you up (more ways to cope). If you need to talk about a problem, they are everlastingly there. And you can tell them anything. There are many healthy ways to cope with stress, which are not all listed above. Therefore there is a manikin for each individual to choose from. Stress can be coped with in many was both positive and negative. The second way to cope with stress is unsound stress management. Overeating is one of these ways to deal with stress.If one chooses overeating as their ou tlet they will probably generate more stress for themselves because of low self-esteem or obesity. Unsatisfying sexual relationships with many lovers is another way to cope with stress. This choice can lead to low-esteem, possible STDs, and maybe even unwanted pregnancy. The most popular unhealthy stress management is drug use. Not only illegal, such as smoking and drinking, but also legal use, like tranquilizers. Choosing drug use can lead to drug abuse and other harsh consequences. So, there are both unhealthy, as well as healthy outlets to cope with stress.

Interactive Writing Essay

Animated productions and video patchs offer customers a world to get lost in. In this world, creative writing shirks an integral role producing an automated teller machine that progresses and sustains fluidity. Although graphics and pulmonary tuberculosisr controls are typically the talk of animated production writing is just as significant. Without creative writing these worlds of animation qualification be a little bleaker and less interactive. Graphics would have no bearings if they did not have a background of description to be created from.Game and Production writers converge a crucial role in the ontogenesis of the media. Video games usually have paths to follow, and offering misdirection, speed bumps and challenges to overcome. It takes a large amount of skill to raptus ideas into a media, and that is where developers come in, but if they do not have a game plan to follow a mess can occur. Writers are congruous increasingly more involved in the video game and animated production business. In order to efficiently supply these elements a production has to be planned out or time lined.In this time line, it takes writers input to create a structured story which is critical for the give ear of the game and the story being portrayed. A well developed story or plot can draw in players to purchase the media and either games that might follow. One writers expresses why a well written video game is more than important, As gamers age, the complexity of both the plot and the theatric elements t curiosity to resemble pitiful skits along the lines of Godfather, leaving the days of Super Mario Brothers long lost in the dust (Brewer, 2002).Writers are essential in creating a world beyond any gamers imagination. Typically animated productions or video games are stemmed from a developers idea, but it is the writing that carries the developers initial thought. It is up to writers to be very descriptive. After the story board and character development it is up to an interactive writer to begin on a script. The script can make or break a games potential. A productions script must be carefully combed using effective words that will spark users imaginations as well as guide them easily through the set path.A writer must be very descriptive in their script leaving little discrepancy over the visual settings. Also, the games story will need to be broken into move in order to have levels or sense of accomplishment for the user. A article suggests, There are three main points to the written script take up the environment what does everything look like -and what does it feel like, what is the accompanying material, is there music, and sound effects, what are the things that are going to happen, what decisions will be made, and what rooms or areas are the decisions tied to (Kalif, 2008)?It is the writers job to create substance. If a game is not well put together and has only one path to the end of the media, then it is less in all likelihood to be played again. When productions set on a buyers shelf it means they are less likely to buy the game when a new version is created. Video game companies now spend sufficient money to hire creative writers. If a free rein company is known for their extraordinary atmospheres, settings, and characters, users are more likely to try games from the company without much knowledge of the particular game.These writers become so involved in their stories, they create more opportunities to make a game company more money with the ability to produce other games, movies, action figures. A video game writer said in an interview, I fall in love with every game story that I work on, enough so that I can envision countless stories, sequels, movies, and books all emanating from within this one world (Duffy, 2007). Animated production and video game writers are essential in the development process. These productions have progressed significantly over the past ten years and a lot of the progression can be ac character referenceed to the ever more use of writers.As we have seen, writers take an idea and form it into something more tangible that users can relate to and are drawn to in order to continually play a game. A creative writer can serve in many roles and typically do not get as much credit as the producers or developers, but it is these unsung heroes that provide the developers with an atmosphere and a descriptive setting for their characters. Old games like Pacman are fun and can be entertaining, but it is the new games like Grand Theft Auto that drive the industry even more toward creative and efficient writing.ReferencesBrewer, Melissa, (2002). Writing for the Gaming Industry. Retrieved on declination 15, 2008 from http//www. writing-world. com/freelance/games. shtmlKalif, Will (2008). Writing a Script for a Video Game. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http//www. stormthecastle. com/video-game-design/writing-a-video-game-script. htm. Duffy, Jill, (2007). How I B ecame a Game Writer. Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from http//www. gamecareerguide. com/features/424/how_i_became_a_game_writer_an_. php? page=4.

Air Asia Strategic Management Recommendations Essay

IntroductionAn analysis of the External Environment would be d wizard so as to facilitate a direct comparison between the generic wine elements where mannerAsia has been founded in. The report then would delve into an internal analysis whereby the Porters 5 Forces would reiterate the direct forces that would impress the respiratory tract Industry and subsequently, AirAsia itself. The capabilities and core competencies of the hearty would be explained in greater detail towards the latter part of the report before a series of analysis would be done to segregate the more influential ones from the rest. A series of strategies would be then recommended for AirAsia to undertake so as to continue building tick aw arness and brand equity passim the world as a affordable carrier.1.0 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS1.1 Industry IdentificationAirAsia belongs to the respiratory tract industriousness. Competition in the air passage manufacturing is very vehement and is growing rapidly together wit h the increase in demand for budget f ars across Asia. The different air ducts ar making use of several strategies to compete with one an otherwise in the airline industry and it is crucial for airline companies to identify their competitive advantages so as to be capable to achieve profits and brand equity globally.1.2 External Environment AnalysisPolitical/LegalPolitical factors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as changes in regulation and the global slip toward privatisation of government-owned or government-regulated firms pay back had implications on the general surroundings. Furthermore, taking budget flights kayoed of Malaysia batch be quite a challenge. Many governments accept been instrumental in dabbling in the advantage of airline companies in Asia. Most airline companies in Asia feel a bun in the oven had full or substantial state ownership as rise up as focus and control.A prime example in Malaysia would be Malaysian Airlines governing body (MAS). Such compan ies are often well-subsidized by their governments and do non face ofttimes competition. Instead of being profit-oriented, they are more focused on fulfilling subject area objectives. As such, privatization and de-regulation have paved the way for new routes and airport cares via the use of indeterminate skies agreements between countries and permission of entry of private airlines (Dellit 2002) As such, they would give new airlines that are little- toll carriers such as AirAsia, Jetstar and tiger Airways chances to access domestic routes and tapping into mart share of the airline industry.However, in light of globalization, the airline industry has too been hit by terrors such as terrorism, accidents, attacks and disasters. A drop in client confidence in a particular airline partnership would be detrimental to a play alongs profits as well, thence a low cost carrier would be subjected to factors such as aviation restrictions, consumer preferences and geographical infras tructure of Asia (Steverman 2009). To combat such uncertainties, a budget airline company would have to be meticulous in selecting favourable routes in its day to day operations so as to avoid any physical body of possible negative impacts. (Dellit 2002)EconomicDespite standard of living observed to be improving globally, in that respect exist variations within and between countries. Economic downturns in the recent years have cost companies to lose profits in the industry. However, this proved to be an opportunity for budget airlines. The result of the recent global frugal downturn which guide to a worldwide stock trade plunge besides caused aircraft leasing be to be bring down by 40%, and this led to an environment that had lesser competition in the airline industry. This then enabled many budget airlines to lease their aircraft at a cheaper rate, which resulted in cheaper ticket prices for their customers (AirAsia 2009).However, the possible impact of fluctuate oil price s in the economy would take a toll on operation costs when fuel prices appreciate (Milmo 2011). Revenue and profit exponent of the company as a whole would fall if fuel prices become too naughty. As such economic factors are not within airline companies control and are unavoidable, the opportunities would outweigh the disadvantages, presenting nurture opportunities for them to continue in its expansion across Asia. During economic downturns, there would be an expected demand for affordable low airfares amongst budget-conscious buyers, especially for conk outlers who are travelling on leisure (Ernst & Young 2012).Social-CulturalThe changing societal attitudes and cultures such as growing environmental awareness has implications on the emphasis placed on corporate sociable responsibility. Furthermore, in order to stay globally competitive, firms now have to consider placing more resources into moderateing competitiveadvantage with being environmental fond at the same time. Rapid economic growth has in like manner paved the way for a growing middle gradation within Asias vauntingly population, especially so in Malaysia (Ernst & Young 2012). Together with the constant and gradual increase in trade and stayism activities within Asia, the demand for travel has also increased.People are now keener on exploring places far away from home and are imparting to fork out money for such experiences. In doing so, the bringing close together of low cost airfares that would allow them to save more to spend at holiday destinations is benevolent to them (Ernst & Young 2012). The attractiveness of budget airlines lie primarily with their low-ticket prices and hence would present itself as a major opportunity to budget airlines. For an airline to differentiate itself from its competitors, it has to be able to have value-added function apart from low fares to select itself and outstand the rest. This works out to be a competitive advantage, which may present itself a s an important factor for airline companies to have so as to chase as a low cost carrier (DestinAsia 2012). scientificBy utilizing in varianceation technology to aid companies in e-transactions and e-commerce activities, the traditional ticketing and travel agent systems were in short replaced by e-ticketing and internet booking systems (Mouawad 2010). This meant that alongside with globalization, even the process of booking tickets have gone done a mintive restructuring. Airlines are now able to save the cost of issuing physical tickets and bed now do away with large and expensive booking systems as well as tour agency commissions (PRLOG 2010). However, an airline must ensure that it is not over-reliant on the Internet systems as if it is not handled properly, the risk of system destruction and database overload can affect online gross revenue heftily. The technological aspect of the airline business would pose to be a threat if systems are not properly backed up and well-kept on a regular basis (Mouawad 2010).Environmental orbicular warming has become an increasing issue facing businesses all approximately the world as there has been increasing number of evidence of rising dangersfrom the ongoing buildup of human-related harmful greenhouse gases. Global emissions of carbon dioxide experienced a sharp increase peaking in 2010, hence having a greater impact on how most businesses are carried out (The New York times 2012). Considering the fact that air carpenters planes contribute to a large correspondence of about 13% of transport-derived carbon dioxide emissions, is a cause for concern for the airline business (Whitelegg 2000).1.3 The Industry EnvironmentIn order to analyse the attractiveness of the airline industry, Porters five forces framework can be employed. This evaluation is crucial to determining the Air Asias best strategy later in the report.Bargaining Power of SuppliersIn the airline industry, the suppliers are namely aircraft suppliers and airline employees such as the flight crew and pilots. Depending on the switching costs that are associated with changing airplanes, the bargaining power of the aircraft suppliers go forth vary. The bargaining power of suppliers is higher when purchasing new airplanes while it is smaller for second-hand airplanes.Labour unions specifically the pilots and mechanics unions have high bargaining power as their skills are hard to replace. In entree, there has been an observed trend whereby successful union strikes in the airline industry have led to negative abnormal returns (Finance Department Faculty Publications University of Nebraska Lincoln 1991). Furthermore, wage rates accounts for a larger proportion of costs in the airline industries as compared to other industries (Lehn 2000).Bargaining Power of BuyersThe main buyers in the airline industry are passengers consisting of Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) and small business travellers. As the bulk of airline customers are una ble to organize and coordinate, their bargaining power is low. Furthermore, with the need for organizations to negotiate well in advance and that discounts are dependent on airline expected demand, offers, and decisions forecasts and not so much on buyers, the corporate bargaining power stays low. Besides catering for passenger travel, there is also the lode transportation whereby bargaining power is increasing with itbeing one of the key drivers of revenue in the airline industry.Threat of New EntrantsAlthough there is deregulation and easiness in the airline industry, there are still high operating costs and upfront costs that may deter entrants such as high fuel operating costs and purchasing price of airplanes (Mint 2012). However the trend of deregulation and liberalization in the airline industry has enabled for new entrants in the industry to enter easily despite the high costs associated with start-up and operating (Moorman 1993). Also, considering that there has been an i ncrease in demand for low-budget air travel coupled with the deregulation, there is increased competition as a result. Hence, the threat of new entrants is moderately high despite the high breastworks to entry.Rivalry amongst Existing FirmsAs seen from the case, there was a rapid emergence of low cost carriers across Asia as well as the neighbouring regions in a fierce competition to succeed alongside found airlines (Lawton & Doh 2008). Hence, the rivalry amongst firms is observed to be very intense. In the Asia region, other competitors that dominate the airline industry include Scoot, Jetstar, Tiger Airways and in Malaysia itself, Malaysian Airlines (Wassener 2012). Firms can differentiate themselves based on factors such as differentiation and cost leadership. Hence, the choice of providing better service or choosing to lower prices on a further and continual basis are examples of strategies that firms have employed to differentiate themselves from their fellow competitiors. Th is further reiterates that price competition switchs rivalry amongst existing firms very high.Threat of SubstitutesThe threat of substitutes for the airline industry is medium as apart from transportation methods such as rail, ship and buses, there is no direct substitute for freight services. This is imputable to the geographical location of the Asian region in comparison to the unify States and the United Kingdom that makes it time consuming to make use of other pith of transport (Lawton & Doh 2008). Hence, ferrying customers via air would reiterate that the threat of substitutes for secondary modes of transport is fairly low. However, there are many other substitutes within the airline industry for alternative low budget airlines that offer the same services with no frills and at a low cost for customers (Sreenivasan 2010). In the case of a low-cost leadership strategy that has been adopted by the industry leaders such as AirAsia, other airlines would follow suit in lowering costs to entice their competitors customers.Is the Airline Industry Attractive?Investors may find that the airline industry is a slightly volatile investment, however if the airline has a obedient establishment in the market, and is cost strong and profit generating, this will highly improve industry attractiveness.1.4 The Competitive EnvironmentThere is a original trend of customers who favour low cost airline hence there is an increasingly number of airlines that are go the same sort of services and products as AirAsia. This led to stiff competition in the airline industry. AirAsias direct competitor in this case would be other budget airlines such as Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia (Sreenivasan 2010). This can be seen by their target market of customers being similar to their competitors across all of these firms and the strategies adopted are often identical to each other (Sreenivasan 2010). As AirAsia is deemed as the lowest cost airline in the world as of 2007, it sustained first-mover advantage, which stemmed from moving directly into undertaking a low-cost leadership initiative (Mahtani 2012). It was provided after it happened that that other budget airlines begin to break into the market with replicated strategies.1.5 Opportunities and ThreatsOpportunitiesStimulated Market Growth By having a plane ticket cost less than a bus ticket, bus passengers will probably want to switch to air travel. As aresult, the demand will increase significantly. This same kind of market stimulation occurred when Ryanair , an Irish low cost airline, was launched.Liberalization of Geographic Markets Full liberalization of the Asian market would unaffixed doors to AirAsia helping them expand their routes. Malaysias underdeveloped aviation market Even though Malaysias geography may encourage air travel, a behold held in 2001 showed only 6% of the population was doing so. Therefore, it shows good opportunity for them to promote air travel in their home country.Introducti on of Biofuels Following other airlines initiatives, it is an environmentally-friendly alternative to reduce carbon emissions.Market of Potential starters in Indonesia, China and India Indonesia which is located close to Malaysia has a population of 235 million. These are potential travelers specially with the joint danger already in place. India and China combined have 2.5 billion people. These sizeable markets create a potential to add new routes to and within those countries.Further working out into Cargo Tansportation An agreement with a cargo company was made in 2007 and as stated by AirAsia, it to section of their ancillary income, considerably contributing to the companys bottom line. Perhaps AirAsia can reach other deals with other cargo companies.Oakland airport The airport is located on the west coast of the United States and may serve as an entry route into the American market. Passengers would be able to get a connecting flight to many other destinations within the US from there.ThreatsFirstly, a number of budget airlines would enter the market and become a threat as well existing ones who may become more competitive. At the moment there 50 budget airlines in South, East and Southeast Asia. Secondly, AirAsia may lack bilateral agreements with some counties thus deterring the optimal free function of passengers. On the other hand, competition in the tourism industry might entice countries to open up their borders. Thirdly, important players from other regions may be uncoerced to join the market posing a threat to AirAsia. Richard Brandson from Virgin Blue, for example, is interested in making investments in a low cost airline in Asia. Lastly, an increase in the cost of fuel may limit the companys expansion plans as well as compromising the low cost fares brand amaze they hold.2.0 INTERNAL ANALYSIS2.1 The Firms Resources Tangible and impalpableTangibleAirAsias fuel efficient airbus 320 helps to maintain its low-fares brand position and at the same time being environmental friendly. Financially with the companys IPO, there is capital available for further expansions. In addition, with the companys hardware costs locked in coupled with the availability through the very strong surge orders that followed, AirAsias cost competitiveness and capacity are improved.IntangibleAirAsia has gained great favour with the Malaysian government and this enabled for easier business negotiations and relations in the country. Tony Fernandes, who had started AirAsia, is a valuable asset to the company considering his strong marketing and operational abilities. In addition, Fernandes utilised leading low-cost airline experts to restructure the companys business model and has acquired more valuable assets onboard as such.With AirAsias established comportment through sponsorship of sports teams such as Manchester United and market leadership in the Malaysian domestic market, they have an advantage over competitors with their brand recognition. The companys strong relationship with cargo counsel company, Leisure Cargo, is another intangible resource. Lastly, the airlines low start-up operating benefit and internet booking and ticketless travel allow for the lowest possible costs structure and low distribution costs respectively.2.2 Capabilities Identification hire of Information Technology (IT)Making bookings via the internet and having e-transactions for ticketless travels meant that it not only saved customers time but also gave them the convenience of being able to book their travel tickets anywhere and anytime (The Economist 2012). This also helped in drop-off of costs when it comes to issuance of tickets and entertaining bookings via the phone or in person. Making use of IT made the overall process fuss-free and easier to handle for the company. Air tickets can also be purchased from designated Automated Teller Machines (ATM) as well as post offices, which showed how far Airasia went in making the purchase of ticke ts convenient for their patrons. Airasias ability to leverage on IT far surpassed its competitors in the field.Transportation SwitchAirAsia also went forth to dominate the domestic market by enticing current and prospective customers to make the switch from road to air transport (Lawton & Doh 2008). This can be seen in low fares that were offered from Kuala Lumpur to Penang, this tactic allowed customers to experience the in-flight comfort of the low cost airlines and boosted forwarding for AirAsia (Lawton & Doh 2008). Furthermore, their decision to go into cargo transportation was a significant move in their expansion plans.AirAsias Brand Equityhas been rising stealthily throughout the few years that it has established in the airline industry. Having established its reputation as the Worlds Best Low-Cost Airline, it has also won many other awards throughout its time in the airline industry (AirAsia 2007). The companys branding initiatives are deemed to be successful, as they have been continually pushing for hostile marketing and sustaining their growth organization-wide. (Silverstein 2010) With the airline earning such a reputable name, it has gone into establishing alliances with other airports within and outside its geographical region, this further advertises their brand name on a global scale. (Khor et. al 2009)Organizational StructureThe corporate structure of AirAsia is relatively simple and unwavering as it comprises of few levels of management so as to reduce cost and increase efficiency (AirAsia 2011). The levels of management are streamlined and together with the use of IT, employees are empowered with decision-making skills with only one or two people to report to in the organization structure. Employees are regarded as equals, and inputs are often encouraged no matter of hierarchical positions. Furthermore, as incentives are distributed based on performance of the company, employees are motivated to work harder cohesively.Product emergence a nd InnovationAircrafts were designed by the company to combat wear and tear as well as costs and reduction of cleaning time. Innovative ideas include setting up their own brand credit card as well as offering corporate travel loyalty points (The Economist 2012). Their aircrafts bear the logo and the name of the company, which makes it a form of advertisement and establishes its brand presence in the eyes of the customers (AirAsia 2007). The Fly Thru program is an example of an innovative idea developed by the company. It reduces check in time for multiple flights and gives passenger ease of travel from the booking stage to the transit stage, reducing discomfort of having to re-check in at their transit destinations (Periabras 2012).2.3 Core might AnalysisFrom the core competency analysis, it can be deduced that some of the firms capabilities outstand others. Brand Equity stands for having a strong brand image and this is deemed to be one of the most sustainable competitive advantag e in the long run. Factors such as use of information technology, organizational structure and product development and innovation would also make AirAsia outstand like-minded firms in the airline industry. Whereas transportation switch may be a capability that AirAsia has but it would only sustain the firm on a temporary basis and may be similar to similar capabilities that other companies have. Identifying the more outstanding factors would aid the company in recognizing its sustainable capabilities as the returns would also be higher compared to other factors.2.4 Value Chain AnalysisPrimary activitiesSupport activitiesFirm infrastructureBusiness strategies stockholder management partnership management relationship building Inbound logisticsMonitoring competitors In-flight catering flight scheduling Human resource managementPilot and sales force training in-flight training career planning operational training OperationsCheck-in, luggage handling bookings cargo management coordinat ion of stations and hubs on-board service Technological developmentComputer reservation systems Flight scheduling system market research baggage tracing system Outbound logisticsFlight connections security procedures baggage systems commission payments ProcurementMonitoring suppliers branding (online) delivery instruction specification Marketing and sales ad and promotion loyalty card group sales online sales travel agent programsServiceBaggage claim service car and hotel reservation customer profiling service customer relationship management2.5 WeaknessesAt the moment AirAsia is disadvantaged in that they have a majority of wide body aircrafts that are not as economical for short haulage flights. North American and European low-cost carriers have around 77% narrow-body planes compared to AirAsias 29%. In addition, the company is limited in their ability to expand services and volumes due to limited availability of suitable terminals. There needs to be a greater preparation of low -cost airlines terminals at national and international airports. These terminals allow low-cost airlines to keep costs down through quick turnaround and taxi times and therefore charging customers cheaper fares.2.6 SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHS last(a) cost airline in the world Low distribution costs Market leader in Malaysia Being innovative High profit margins 35%. Amongst highest in the airline industry Good brand recognition Good management skillsWEAKNESSES Too many wide body aircrafts instead of narrow body for shorter flights Lack of low-cost carriers terminals at national and international airportsOPPORTUNITIES Stimulated market growth Liberalization of geographic markets Underdeveloped geographic market in Malaysia Use of biofuels reducing carbon emissions Further expansion into cargo transportation Large market of potential travelers in Indonesia, China and India Oakland airport as a main course route to the US market THREATS Competing budget airlines entering the market La ck of bilateral agreement within countries enabling a free flow of passengers all-important(prenominal) players from other markets willing to join the market Increase in fuel cost3.0 Strategies and Recommendations3.1 Current StrategiesSingle Class, Low Fares and No FrillsAirasia adopts a single class and no frills service for its airline services. (Airasia 2012) This meant that unlike global airlines, Airasia does not provide meals, entertainment or amenities for its customers. Their sole purpose is charging the customers for the most basic airfreight experience, with the cultivation of the destination in mind. On the other hand, they do not compromise on customer service as a result of giving reduced cost services. The products offered onboard are also standardized with characteristics that are deemed acceptable to the customers. Establishing ticket prices that are deemed the lowest competitively,Reduced Fixed CostsAirAsias strategy is in line with its mission to be the worlds lowest cost airline. (AirAsia 2012) The low cost structure was attributed to the companys good planning of resources such as fuel intake and maintenance costs so as to give customers the best yet lowest prices they can offer. (AirAsia 2008)Efficient Distribution SystemSeats are deemed as single class which means that there is only one class seating and it is not assigned, passengers would seat themselves on a first come first serve basis. This is done so in fairness and to save the hassle of allocating seats on the companys behalf. (AirAsia 2012) E-ticketing also aids in saving the cost of issuing hardcopy tickets, this makes it convenient for customers and saves costs for AirAsia. (AirAsia 2008)Use of Secondary AirportsAirAsia typically operates from secondary airports which mean that they would benefit from lower parking, landing and ground handling fees. Secondary airports are also less busy than main airports with most of them having shorter runways, this in turn reduces fuel consumption during take-off, landing or taxi. Fuel consumption is one of the main expenses that AirAsia has hence this is a beneficial cost saving. (AirAsia 2012) Secondary airports are often closer to urban districts which makes it more appealing to some travellers and hence increases the number of potential customers for the airline. The use of secondary airports help in boosting sales and keeping operating costs low. (AirAsia 2012)Point to Point communicateAirAsia adopts a point-to-point network model whereby the flights they embark on are short-haul ones within four-hour radius or less (AirAsia 2008) Their sister airline, AirAsia X would focus more on the longer flight routes, hence the point-to-point network is based on the goal of flying a customer from the origin to the destination.Customer Loyalty Programme uncollectibleAirAsia has implemented a Customer Loyalty Programme named BIG Loyalty Programme which enables for the accumulation of BIG Points and allows for the membe rs to redeem free flights. This programme is also a collaborative approach with other BIG Partners where if customers spend their money at, they are also able to accumulate BIG points.3.2 Future StrategiesUse of E-CommerceAirAsias current electronic online booking system expanded to cater to different payment methods like billing and settlement plan (BSP) and computer reservation system (CRS) take after they realized that sticking to the direct-sales only channel was a self-destructive strategy. This has created an ease of booking for customers. However, to further enhance the organizations IT capabilities, AirAsia can hire an IT expert team to oversee the electronic commerce systems, improve web design, and include more payment methods as deemed fit. As AirAsia operates in a fast-moving services industry, the IT expert team will then meet up regularly to review the electronic commerce systems, gather the problems that surface, and provide consolidated solutions and recommendations to each problem.In addition, AirAsia has adapted Revenue Management Systems, Inc. (RMS) as their revenue management partner and selected airRM as its revenue management system (Revenue Management Systems, Inc. 2012). This has led to the organizations ability to analyze historical data and forecast demand in order to create efficiency and hence cost savings (AirAsia 2007). In addition to this already set up system, there could be a collaboration of the IT expert team with the financial and marketing team to determine the most effective way to management inventory and revenue besides just leaving it to the IT expert team.Undoubtedly, there will be risks and barriers that will be faced when implementing these suggested strategies. hotshot of the potential risks of E-Commerce is the fact that it increases the possibility of making wrong decisions and the impact is usually huge and swift (International Symposium on Government in E-Commerce Development 2001). Another barrier could be th e culture barrier between the different functional teams (i.e. marketing, financial, IT team) that could possibly cause the collaboration of the teams to be unsuccessful. As a result, this could lead to wastage of resources.In-Flight Advertising InitiativesIt is substantive for AirAsia to continue building on its brand image and brand equity as it is deemed to be a capability that would not only bring in the revenue but would also establish AirAsia as a niche budget airline across households. This can only be done through further advertising and marketing initiatives. In-flight marketing is an ideal way for AirAsia to reach out to its first-timer flyers and possible returners to continue flying with AirAsia (Kirby 2010). Discounted tickets, package holidays and credit points brought forward from introductory travels with AirAsia would entice customers into flying more with AirAsia.This can be done within the aircraft where customers would not be able to leave the premises (Leslie n.d). Such marketing initiatives can be incorporated into mini leaflets or flyers so that customers can explore their future holiday options on board the flight to their current holiday destination. Furthermore, flyers onboard have a receptive mindset which is due to the fact that they are excited about the new destination that they would be heading to therefore advertising to such a target audience would bring forth more responsive results (Leslie n.d).Implementing this initiative would require documents to be printed in precise and bold as well as eye-catching manner that would seize the attention of the flyers on board. It has to be attractive so that customers would enquire about it and not just take a quick glance before chucking it aside. Further reiteration can be done by in-flight staff, which could bring personal marketing into this initiative by offering their knowledge upon request. It is an inexpensive procedure for certain in-flight advertising products and it would req uire more initiation from interested customers. This method is ideal compared to the more expensive ideas that would require mass media for advertising purposes. In-flight advertising can take the form of magazines, radio, video or catalogs.The downside of running this strategy an in-flight marketing initiative would be the reduced target audience, which stems from having an outreach that is only aircraft wide. Limited availability of flyers on flights that are emptier compared to other flights would make the advertising initiatives redundant. Furthermore, it could incur the irritation of customers who may wish to rest and not have to deal with anything else on the flight. In-flight initiatives such as radio and videos would incur higher costs as compared to paper advertising on catalogs and magazines. Furthermore, if the advertising placement is too intrusive, consumers may in return develop negative attitudes towards AirAsias marketing regimes.Use of BiofuelsBrazilian airlines as well as American, Canadian, German, French, Australian within many others around the world have started using or have plans on using biofuels (Lane 2012). In Asia, specifically, Thailand and Indonesia announced plans of moving towards aviation biofuels (Lane 2012). AirAsiacould join the group Sustainable melody Fuel Users Group (SAFUG) formed in 2008. It may be an alternative when oil prices will likely continue to rise and it is environmentally friendly, therefore they will be able to increase the number of passengers without increasing carbon emissions (Wassener 2011).Since many airlines have started or plan on switching to this kind of fuel, possibly supply may not be enough and prices go up with high demand (Wassener 2011). Another risk would be the fact that if you are using tender crops to produce biofuel, food prices may go up. Moreover, in an attempt to increase production getting more land, natural habitats might be destroyed by deforestation (Gao, Skutsch, Masera & Pach eco 2011). Finally, a proportion of the market may be skeptical of flying on aircrafts utilizing aviation biofuels.Aggressive Promotional CampaignsAirAsia can continue creating aggressive promotional campaigns as Malaysia with love. It will make them standout in the competitive airline market. Due to the fact that social media is so widely used nowadays, social media campaigns and efforts are an excellent idea to increase brand awareness and recognition. Statistics show that 58% of firms who have used social media for over 3 years have reported an increase in sales over that period and 85% of businesses say they have had an increase in market exposure (Forbes 2012). Delta Airlines, for example, has introduced bookings through Facebook perhaps AirAsia can do the same or simple create an innovative campaign (The Independent 2010).Risks to the implementation of social media promotional campaigns is the fact that rival low cost-carriers may decide to copy this strategy allowing them to gain market exposure as well and consequently steal market share if their efforts prove to be more successful. In addition, customers who may have had bad experiences with the company will have the story quickly spread in social media networks, making it more harder for firms to contain negative publicity.ReferencesAirAsia 2008, AirAsia wins Airline Strategy Award Finance Category Real 5 Star carrier gets Real 5 Star prise acquirable from . 10 October 2012AirAsia 2009, Medias Brand of the Year Goes to AirAsia Awarded for constant innovations and bold ideas in branding campaigns. Available from .10 October 2012Airasia 2011, Investor relations. 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