Understanding Sexual Dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the difference in morphology between male and female members of the same species. Sexual dimorphism includes differences in size, coloration, or body structure between the sexes. For example, the male northern cardinal has a bright red plumage while the female has a duller plumage. Male lions  have a mane, female lions do not. Examples of Sexual Dimorphism Male elk (Cervus canadensis) grow antlers, while female elk do not have antlers.Male elephant seals (Mirounga sp.) develop an elongated snout and fleshy nose that they inflate as a sign of aggression when competing with other males during the mating season.Male birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) are noted for their elaborate plumage and complex mating dances. Females are far less ornate. In most cases, when size differences exist between the male and female of a species, it is the male that is the larger of the two sexes. But in a few species, such as birds of prey and owls, the female is the larger of the sexes and such a size difference is referred to as reverse sexual dimorphism. One rather extreme case of reverse sexual dimorphism exists in a species of deepwater anglerfish called the triplewart seadevils (Cryptopsaras couesii). The female triplewart seadevil grows much larger than the male and develops the characteristic illicium that serves as a lure to prey. The male, about one-tenth the size of the female, attaches itself to the female as a parasite. Resources and Further Reading Folkens P. 2002. National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. New York: Alfred A. Knopff.

An Understanding Of Organizational Culture Factors

This essay investigates an understanding of organisational culture factors that contribute to a strong and positive environment in a workplace. The essay firstly, addresses organisational culture, and then discusses factors that create a strong culture – behavioral and verbal form. Moreover, differentiating between a strong and a weak culture and the effects within a workplace. Lastly, the essay addresses Wal-Mart and how they demonstrate a strong and positive workplace culture. Organisation has many construals and definitions. Organisational culture can be optically discerned as a stable system of credence’s and postulations that subsist and persist overtime with an agency. Therefore, it is seen as personality of the agency. (Barnard,†¦show more content†¦It goes without saying that, employee behavior and decisions are hugely guided by the cultures that prevail in the organization. Employees, by default, belong to the culture they were born in; however, when they enter the organization they have to set aside their beliefs and adopt the values of their workplace. Adapting to the culture of the workplace is not only important to sustain the job but also so that the company represents one common notion. (Stewart, 2007) suggests that profitability should by every company’s organisational goal- one of the best places to start improvements is with an examination of organisation’s work culture. He states that the strongest component of the work culture is the beliefs and attitudes of the employees. It is the people who make up the culture, he stated. An example of this is , if cultural norms contain beliefs such as , â€Å"Around here, nobody dares make waves† or, â€Å" Do just enough to get by and people will leave you alone, â€Å" the organisations performance will reflect those beliefs. Moreover, if the cultural belief system contains positive approaches, such as, â€Å"Winners are rewarded here† or, â€Å"People really care if you do a good job in this outfit, â€Å"that is also reflected in the orgaisation’s performance. (Stewart, 2007) also states that an organisation’s cultural norms strongly affect all who are involved in the organization. Each

Drug and Alcohol Addiction As Leading Disorder in America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2304 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Substance Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Substance Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug and alcohol addiction is one of the leading disorders in America. Over 21.5 million people are addicted to some sort of substance abuse. Alcohol and drug abuse is a social issue that is still relevant in todays society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drug and Alcohol Addiction As Leading Disorder in America" essay for you Create order Substance abuse can break down families and destroy lives. Why isnt the matter more looked into? Addiction is a brain disease that causes the body to become dependent on that substance wether alcohol of drugs. Once the body starts to crave the drugs and alcohol you are hooked . Why does substance abuse consider a social issue. Once you become addicted it leads to drugged and drunk driving, violence, stress, mental issues and domestic abuse. Substance abuse not only affects the user but everyone else around them as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drug and alcohol addiction pertains to me as Ive seen the affects of substance abuse not directly to me personally but others around me. I felt this topic was research elements that can inevitably help the future of people dealing with substance abuse. In 2017 72,000 people lost their life due to substance abuse. Substance   abuse is a difficult topic as it has a big affect globally not just the United States. (Koob, G. F., Arends, M., Moal, M. L. 2014). Curently Substance Abuse victims first need to detox their bodies from all the drugs and poison from their bodies by doing so   it will cleanse their bodies and allow them to begin their road to recovery. After that they are given Counciling either one to one or group mediation. Usually rehabilitation takes 6 to 12 months in a facility. I feel there can be a more efficient way to help people suffering from substance abuse in stead of them just going to a rehab center and being released. Drug abuse   I feel as a social entrepreneur its important to address these social issues that can be enhanced to provide a better quality of life but it all starts with one person who use dedicated to that cause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Our culture is used to seeing people over dose all over social media but why not see what we can do to prevent people starting in the first place. Now with these new synthetic drugs its been easier to get high with a fraction of the price. Synthetic drugs are far worse then anyone expected. The amount of over dose and deaths due to the synthetic drugs , makes it the most dangerous of them. Addiction can also trigger depression, psychosis, and anxiety, and greatly increase the risk of suicidal ideation. It can also deeply impair people around the individual, destroying relationships and finances, and even pushing people towards illicit activity and crime.(Felman 2018). We need to find ways to prevent people from being addicts in the first place. Thats is what I plan to solve. Technology today should make it easier for people to be informed about substance abuse. Choosing substance abuse is a way to make my voice heard for those you become addicted and cant get the help they deserve my role as a change maker I would treatment mandatory for any person who voluntarily signs up or is found on the street with the drugs or overdosing. It would take a lot of time and effort as many people who are addicts are in denial that they even are addicted so it the matter of getting them out of that mentality. Many people find it acceptable to become a victim to substance abuse and come just another statistic Injury can also occur while intoxicated. Often, drug use impairs co-ordination and balance and can lead to falls and injuries. Driving while under the influence of alcohol and other drugs is criminal in most countries and cause of 28% of all deaths related to traffic across the United States in 2016.(Felman 2018). Drinking and driving is a dangerous game to play. While you are impaired you are not able to think or react as quickly as you would not impaired. Many addicts function drunk in their daily life and dont realize the dangers the pose to them selves and society. The unfortunate killing by drunk drives are a result of addiction as they cant get enough alcohol so they drive and black out Causing death and injury to others and possibly themselves.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With substance abuse the social problem I am trying to solve the issue where people who are struggling in life go straight to drugs for answers. I am trying to allow rehabilitation for all walks of like who are addicted to alcohol or drugs. I would target children to adults. If we inform children and teens at young age how addiction can ruin their life we might be able to keep the image in their head that they could possibly end up like that. Addiction ruins familys as they struggle with their loved ones as they slowly kill them selves. Key steps is to create rehabilitation program centers for addicts and anyone who wants to be informed about the Dangers or addiction to be allowed to seek Counciling and treatment. People need to become aware about substance abuse and how you can prevent your self from becoming a victim.   I would start a non profit organization and rely on donations to fund a rehabilitation center. This center will be state of the art. I may not be an expert in drug rehabilitation but I will hire the best councilors and doctors and nurses. The staff must be able to accept and help all patients no matter the drug ingested.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two measurable effects to help solve this issue would be to create a mandatory rehabilitation programs for anyone found on the street that has substance issues and be involved with communities and the youth about the dangers of substance abuse and addiction.   One wider benefit would being able to save lives and prevent the traumatic experience that the victim and their family has to deal with. A long term change would be to have addicts to be able to recover and be able to reintegrate themselves back to society with helping them with job search and a place to stay. One key assumption is that addicts with the help and guidance can be rehabilitated and able to come back to society with the help and guidance of a counselor. Rehabilitation is the correct direction to go as recently hospitals have been treating addicts in their new programs to help treat them. Weve learned that certain places are conducive to engaging patients in treatment. One of them is t he ER. The other is the criminal justice system. We need to grab those opportunities and offer patients effective treatment when theyre ready.(Vestal 2018) it is important that we have the resourcing and time to use for addicts to be able to get the help they. Wed with our being denied service.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overdose for addicts is the lead cause of death but what can help people to stop overdosing?. Most overdoses happen in the home it you are worried about a loved one or someone you know they should not be living alone and be put in to a rehab center to help them with their addiction. In NYC Mayor Deblasio initiated safe places for addicts to use heroin and in case they over dose their are trained doctors and nurses to help them. This can work but I feel it just encourages people to use instead of getting help 115 people in the United States die every day by overdosing on opioid painkillers (Felman 2018). We need to decrease these numbers and find new alternatives and solutions to these issues. Many doctors and experts suggest to allow people to carry narcan or buprenorphine with them to use just in case someone or themselves overdose it can be used to counter react the drugs they taken.If you really want to see overdose deaths come down in the United State s, getting treatment with buprenorphine has to be easier and cheaper for people with substance use disorders than getting heroin and other opioids on the street. And what could be easier than walking into an ER and getting started on buprenorphine?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rehabilitation centers are specifically treating addicts with medicine and helping them get over why they started in the first place.   I would have the patient learn more about there disease and how they can recover. I would create a daily routine for them to follow with a personal councilor and constant monitoring so they dont feel alone. My rehabilitation center will have fun activities for all patients so they can bond and share their experiences with others in the same predicament.   I plan on meeting people who have been previous addicts and helping me create new centers for addicts and providing them a new opportunity to help others. I feel if I decided to pursue helping addicts i would put all my effort into help fighting this social issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many rehabilitation centers that treat   many drug users experience withdrawals if they are misdiagnosed if they mixed up certain other drugs. Treating Cocaine or heroin without treating alcohol in their system leads to relapse and withdrawal which can make it difficult for treatment. When the patient is detoxed they are treated specifically for the drug they used, Many patients with secondary dependency become combative and resist treatment. In many centers heroin addicts are not accepted as they are manipulative, aggressive, and demanding, so they are not accepted so they cannot   lower the success rate at the facility.(Stimmel 2015). Rehabilitation centers need to accept all different drug types no matter if that addict has a chance of ruining their success rate. They should be more focused on saving lives not worrying if this person might relapse in the program. A   2015 study showed that six times as many people who regularly misuse opiates att empt suicide as people who do not misuse opiates. The rate of death by suicide was two to three times higher in people who had a dependency on opiates(Felman 2018).   I would also have patients who are suicidal to be put in a new wing to be looked it with more attention. Suicide is also comes from being addicted to drugs, with out the substitute for the drug they feel hopeless. I would find something that they can enjoy to substitute the need for drugs in their life. A pet animal is a great way to substitute drug use as a former drug addict can use the animal to cope with its stress and fears to allow them to feel love and have a purpose. Many prisons use animals to allow violent prisoners to calm down and have a purpose to find love and take care of their pet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The youth are the ones that are effected primarily when it comes to drugs. High school students are the most curious and prone to using drugs. You dont need drugs to have a good time and to be an example and leader, she said. This is your life and you only get one chance. Be smart and be informed.(Cousino 2018). The youth in todays society need to be well aware that drugs are bad for you and only ruin your life. In todays society with social media drug use is influenced on all ages. The youth is at major risk when it comes to the media. I would change legislature that makes it illegal for drug use to be promoted wether its video games, music, television, and social media. The mind set of allowing drug use to be promoted corrupts the minds of the youth and allows them to think its ok to be a drug user because my favorite singer does it. With the change in policy I would have lobbyist influence law makers and politicians that even legalizing marijuana will impact our youth not only our society when it comes to addiction. Student s from Summerfield High School had an event to let students talk about there struggling drug addiction .Dr. Kojo Quartey, president of the college, led a moment of silence for those who died from addiction and then told a story about two of his best friends in high school who smoked marijuana, the gateway drug. They went on to other drugs and now theyre dead, Quartey said.(Cousino 2018). the loss of life for a is a shame especially at a young age. Addiction is not a joke and students should become informed and educated when it comes to substance abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a social entrepreneur I would put all my time and effort in to seeing my creation expand to help people with substance abuse. Substance abuse is a serious matter with the help and dedication can help lead   to saving lives. I am a very motivated person and with the right help I would be able to push myself to the best of my abilities and be able to be a successful social entrepreneur. I can use all the skill and knowledge I learned from this course to help make the world a better place and it all begins with a social entrepreneur. Sources: Cousino, D. (2018, December 9). Students share stories, pain about drug addiction. Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.monroenews.com/news/20181209/students-share-stories-pain-about-drug-addiction?template=ampart Felman, A. (2018, October 26). Addiction: Complications and consequences. Retrieved October 29, 2018, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323461.php Koob, G. F., Arends, M., Moal, M. L. (2014). Drugs, addiction, and the brain. Amsterdam: Academic Press. Stimmel, B., Stimmel, B. (2015). Alcoholism, drug addiction and the road to recovery: Life on the edge. Binghamton, NY: Haworth. Vestal, C. (2018, October 28). Facing an overdose epidemic, some ERs now offer addiction treatment. Retrieved October 29, 2018, from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/national/health-science/facing-an-overdose-epidemic-some-ers-now-offer-addiction-treatment/2018/10/26/1829df84-c73f-11e8-9b1c-a90f1daae309_story.html

The Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman

In January of 1892, author Charlotte Perkins Gilman published her short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† in The New England Magazine. Gilman’s work illustrates the public perception of woman’s health in the 19th century and is considered to be an important part of early American feminist literature. During the 19th century, women were confined to the idea of the â€Å"ideal† woman and the â€Å"domestic sphere.† According to Barbara Welter, in her 1966 paper entitled â€Å"The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860,† an ideal woman embodied piety, domesticity, pureness and submissive. Women would find true happiness in taking care of their families and living a simple and uncomplicated life. â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† follows the mental deterioration of the female narrator, who recently gave birth, as she follows her doctor’s orders to relax, eat healthily and exercise so her health will improve. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yello w Wall-paper† exposes the danger the antiquated belief has on women in the 19th century. The use of the yellow wallpaper illustrates a physical manifestation of the narrator’s descent into madness due to loss of outside stimuli. The opening of the short story follows the female narrator being told she needs to rest to recover her health after recently giving birth. She notes, â€Å"if a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency – what is oneShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman873 Words   |  4 PagesEarly Feminist Writing In the short story The Yellow Wall-Paper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects on the social inequalities and injustices held against women in the late 1800’s. Gilman gives light to a very common practice of doctors diagnosing women with â€Å"nervous† conditions and essentially telling them to not do anything that doesn’t involve the domestic duties of women. The story gives insight on how women would have felt from the despotism that men of the time were showing towards them, thisRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman985 Words   |  4 Pages There are two similar stories that describe two particular women in a psychological condition one of the stories is called â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s and the other written by William Faulkner named â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Both authors mention how both Jane (Yellow Wall-Paper) and Miss Emily (A Rose for Emily)are being oppressed by their husbands because the typical tradition forces their wife’s to stay home while they go to work. In the early eighteen and nineteenRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman951 Words   |  4 PagesThe unnamed narrator, who is never fully introduced, narrates the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in the form of a diary/journal. Confined in a mansion to treat her mental illness of depression the narrator becomes obsessed with the ugly yellow wallpaper that covers the walls of her room. Ultimately, I presume that the wa llpaper itself represents her relationship that she has with her husband, while the women behind the wallpaper represents herself; which goRead MoreYellow Wall Paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman853 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen perceived equally. In many places women are considered as a second citizen. Although inequality among men and women has decreased tremendously in our society, it’s still an issue in some part of the world. The short story â€Å"Yellow wall paper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reveals gender inequality. It narrates about a newly married woman who is trying to get away from a trap that is restricting her freedom. Throughout the book the narrator is suffering within herself but she has a hard time figuringRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pageshusband and family. This obedience that the speaker has for her husband, John, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⠂¬  undermined the woman’s mental health, refusing her the ability to express and speak for herself. The speaker’s diagnosis and treatment of her â€Å"nervous condition† was completely in her husband’s control, taking away her independence as a person. It becomes clear that Gilman is writing this short story as a response to the patriarchal structure of the societyRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman819 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman displays the central idea that no one can really know how it feels to be trapped in a way, but it can quickly happen to anyone. The story would be seen through a first person narrator point of view through the narrator whose name is never actually stated in the story other than in a quote at the end of the story where she says â€Å" I’ve got out at last despite you and Jane†, it is believed that Jane is the narrator. Jane’sRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1353 Words   |  6 Pages In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† which is set in the 19th century, the narrator suffers from what is now identified as Postpartum depression, after the birth of her child. The narrator’s husband, John, who is a doctor, suggest that she gets some rest, and places her in a nursery with walls that contain yellow wall paper. Over the course of the story, the narrator’s condition progresses and she begins to develop paranoia about a woman who is trapped in the yellow wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman900 Words   |  4 PagesPaper Three and Three Elements of Fiction The Yellow Wall-Paper was a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the year of 1892. In this story we are inside the mind of a lady who is suffering from a nervous disorder and is prescribed the â€Å"rest cure† by her physician husband. They go stay at a colonial mansion which she doesn’t like very much and there she is to just rest without no interaction with society and not even allowed to write in her journal. In the room she stays in she isRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman, And Lysistrata967 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves and are defined by the people around them; based on their looks or stereotypes that may not represent who they are. Women are defined by others and themselves in many ways such as seen in, â€Å"Borders† by Thomas King, â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Lysistrata by Aristophanes. These metaphors are not directly defining these women, but defining them by their powe r, identity, and intelligence. In the play Lysistrata the character uses the only power she has to controlRead More A Look into the Life of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and ?The Yellow Wall-paper?1398 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† is an amazing story that demonstrates how close-minded the world was a little over a hundred years ago. In the late eighteen hundreds, women were seen as personal objects that are not capable of making a mark in the world. If a woman did prove to be a strong intellectual person and had a promising future, they were shut out from society. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote her stories from experience, but added fictional twists along the way to make her stories interesting.

B. Dubois And Booker T. Washington Essay - 2331 Words

W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington The end of the Civil War was followed almost immediately by a new wave that would see the African Americans face great suffering and discrimination. As newly freed slaves, African Americans were presented with a dilemma to either curve a new niche in a society that once viewed and treated them as mere properties than humans. It was during these difficult times that two key figures in the African American History rose as paramount leaders of two sharply contrasting philosophical camps. The Massachusettian William Edward Burghardt and the Virginian Booker T. Washington, both held two completely contrasting proposals about the best approach for African American to overcome and thrive in the mist of their suffering and racial discrimination. Although their approaches greatly differed, both of these noble men shared a common goal in uplifting the black community in history. The aim of this paper is to argue in the contrasting philosophies of these t wo key figures in the history of African America. Booker T. Washington was born in around 1950s in Franklin County of Virginia and spent the better part of his childhood as a slave. Following the emancipation, majority of the black community including Washington ware convinced that obtaining a formalized education was the best approach to improve their lifestyles and social class. The Blacks had a fairly limited opportunity to access education due to the prevalence of social segregation.Show MoreRelatedB. Dubois And Booker T. Washington795 Words   |  4 Pagesor leaving the violence untouched? W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington were two African-American rights activists during the late 1800s and early 1900s. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington had the same idea for the end result of equality for colored people. However, they had very different approaches to reach their desired results. Booker T. Washington believed it was the right idea to approach his issues in a passive m anner. However, W.E.B. DuBois believes that a more aggressive plan is necessaryRead MoreJean Booker T. Washington. B. Dubois1358 Words   |  6 PagesMay 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. As a civil rights activist, educator, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, scholar, and poet, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. DuBois is mostly remember for his work with the NAACP and his notorious feud with civil rights activist Booker T. Washington. Having a strongRead MoreBooker T. Washington And. B. Dubois1050 Words   |  5 PagesBooker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois During the late 19th and 20th century, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois were two of the greatest leaders of the black community. They both paved the way for the modern Civil Rights movement in America. However, the two accomplished scholars had differences when it came down to the methods for black social and economic progress. Believe it or not, those differences made the way for the greatest impact in the world that we live in today. â€Å" I have learnedRead MoreIda B. Wells, Booker T, Washington, and W.E.B Dubois1252 Words   |  6 Pagesstreetcars, and other public facilities. African Americans Ids B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B Dubois had differing opinions on the color-line. Wells and Dubois felt the color-line created prejudice toward blacks and that the black population could not become equal with the whites under such conditions. On the other hand, Booker T. Washington thought the laws were a good compromise between the parties at the time. Booker T. Washington was an African American leader who established an African-AmericanRead MoreBooker T. Washington vs W. E. B DuBois821 Words   |  3 PagesCleary ELA8H, period 7 11/12/13 Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B Dubois Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubois were two famous African American leaders during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were both activists and wanted blacks to have an education; they also wanted to end discrimination towards blacks. These leaders both wrote great speeches which clearly specified what they thought was right for African Americans. Even though Washington and Dubois focused on the same social, politicalRead MoreBooker T. Washington Vs. Theu.s. B. Dubois : The Discussion Of Conformity910 Words   |  4 PagesBooker T. Washington vs W.E.B. Dubois: the discussion of conformity At the early turn of the 20th Century United States, there was a large debate about how the average American viewed African Americans or Negroes. As a result, white consensus geared toward putting Africans in a type of caste system, where they would consider below whites, women, and immigrants. By this point, most African Americans were just conforming to this way of life and did not seek to change this. While this occurred, manyRead MoreBooker T Washington And W. E. B. Dubois Persuasive Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagestwo men, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both attempted to fight for rights and equality for African Americans during the late 1800s and early 1900s. They both believed African Americans deserved to have rights and equality, but they had very different opinions and ideas on how to solve the problem. Thus, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both tried to gain rights and equality for African Americans, but they had different approaches on how to get rights an d equality, and Booker T. WashingtonRead MoreBooker T Washington Vs W. E. B De Dubois Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthing? How can two people that our similar but at the time have different ways of life come together to achieve the same goal?Imagine 30 years after slavery ended you because of the color of your skin are still being mistreated. During the time of Booker and W.E.B the Jim crow law was created to segregate blacks and whites. Because of the segregation blacks had their own society like community only dealing with each other. Blacks were separated from society, they had their own neighborhoods buildingsRead MoreBooker T. Washington : The First Leader Of The Civil Rights Movement933 Words   |  4 Pages Booker T. Washington was the first leader of the civil rights’ movement. All African Americans looked to him for advice on how to overcome their current situation. However, as time moved on, W.E.B. DuBois became his opponent. A person would think that Washington and DuBois would have worked together for a common goal, but this was not the case. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois both strived for equality and justice for the African American race. However, these two had very different ways toRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Booker T. Washington815 Words   |  4 PagesTwo great leaders in the late 19th and 20th century of the black community were W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. Even after of slavery, African Americans fought for their equal rights and opportunities. During the time of unfair treatments, few people found the courage to speak out on their beliefs for a change. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois regularly coherent their opinions and stand for what they believe is right. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and

Sustainable development is def... free essay sample

Sustainable development is defined as the development which caters to the need of present without compromising the needs of future generation. It ensures continuing growth and progress for human kind while arresting and changing those processes which has irreversible damage to environment, biodiversity, flora and fauna etc. Overall it exposes a concern which basically focuses on human need rather than human want. The term sustainable development and sustainability came into picture in 1987 from the report named Our Common Future published under UN sponsored World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Drivers behind the concept of sustainable development are divided into three parts namely Pre Stockholm (covering the time span until the Stockholm Conference on Environment and Development i.e before 1972), Stockholm to WCED (1972-1987) and Post WCED (after 1987).Thomas Robert Mathews (1766-1834)proposed Theory of Limits foreseeing the limits to development due to scarcity of resources. Many disastrous effects of industrial revolution came up by 1798. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable development is def or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Apart from from this poverty, diseases, increasing population and pollution were already existent problems that needed remedial solution. All these factors together contributed towards need of sustainable growth,Importance of managing environment and use of environment assessment as a management tool was recognized in UN Conference on Human Environment in 1972. This represents a remarkable stepping stone towards concept of sustainable development. In that duration, in Rome, a group of extinguished scientists and concerned citizens gathered to discuss and find solutions of the global environmental crisis which was expanding rapidly. This group came to be known as Club of Rome and it published a report on the State of Natural Environment. This report showed that industial growth was going to exceed the limits of ecological balance if it continued the kind of economic growth as witnessed in 1960 1970.Later in 1972, UN Conference on Human Environment terminology like Environment Development, Development without Destruction and Environmentally Sound Development came into picture. Finally term Eco Development appeared in UN Environment Programme Review in 1978. By this time the need of Environment and Development ideas to go hand in hand was recognized internationally. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) worked closely with World Wildlife Fund and launched the World Conservation Strategy themed Living Resource Conservation for Sustaianable Development in 1980. This was a major step to integrate the environment and development concept under the roof of Conservation.The theme was brought into light a few years later by WCED also known as Brundtland Comission. In 1984, UN setup an idependent group of 22 people from member states of developed and developing countries. And in 1987, WCED published their report entitled Our Common Future.Two key points of Brundtland Comission are:1. The concept of needs emphasizing essential needs of poors to which priority should be given. 2. The limitations imposed on environment to meet present and future needs by technology and social organizations.By, this the commission underlines the strong link between improvement of environment, allevation of poverty and social eqitability through sustainable economic growth. Since the publication of this report, Sustainable development became the core element of environmental discussion and lead to worldwide acceptance and interpretations. By 1994, more than 80 varying definitions sharing the same concept of WCEDs definition were developedAfter WCED, UN Conference on Environment ; Development (UNCED)also called Rio Conference or Earth Summit played major role in widespread of sustainable development. UNCED led production of to major international document such as Rio declaration, Agenda 21 and Convention on desertification, climate change and biodiversity.In 1972, at UN Conference on Human Environment at Stockholm, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi emphasized that poverty er adication is an integral part to achieve the goal of environment sategy for the world. She insisted that concept of interrelatedness of a shared planet, of global citizenship and of spaceship earth cannot be restricted to environmental issues alone. They are equally applicable to inter connected responsibilities of environmental protection and human development.Environmentally sound and sustainable development has been the result of Earth Summit and has now become an inseparable part of socio economic fora. Problem of sustainable development roots to pattern of resource use, their distribution and ownership, thus an allround sustainable development policy should be framed considering politics as well as state regulations, There have been a number of important international conferences in which the steps towards sustainable development have been discussed at high regime of government. And now the policy of Sustainable development has been globally accepted and practiced.

Standards Responsible For Global Financial â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Standards Responsible For Global Financial? Answer: Introduction The global financial crisis has hit the economy of the world quite badly. The effects and after effects of the global financial crisis was devastating. Global financial crisis started to show its effects in the middle of the year 2007-2008 (Castleden, 2009). Various incidents such as failure of stock markets around the globe, collapse of large financial institutions had made it evident for common people that in later times the situation will worsen. The wealthiest nations also saw its effects as the government started to roll out rescue packages. In the increasingly inter connected world, the effects of global financial crisis was much as estimated by the economists around the globe. It has affected every single person on the earth in one or many ways. Various reasons were concluded by the people behind the happening of such devastating event. The global financial crisis has raised questions related to fair value accounting (Pozen, 2009). The essay portrays various aspects of global financial crisis and the responses and actions taken by the international accounting standards. In addition to this the essay also covers the aspects which deal with financial instruments and the response of Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) over global financial crisis. Role of Accounting Standards in the Global Financial Crisis International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) The global financial crisis started to emerge during the late 2007, the business organizations around the world started to incur huge losses in their earnings. The accountants and directors of business firms started to ask for reasons behind their deteriorating income. The re-measurement of fair value of derivative instruments which are engaged in special purpose vehicles was the one aspect that was understood by the board of the organization. Earlier an increase in the fair value has also led to an increment in the profits of the business organization which has considerably increased their performance ad market stability (Pozen, 2009). Due to declining prices of houses, the sector of home loans started to make losses. Many financial institutions around the world which were dealing with home loans started generating losses because the product of home loans was being kept in special purpose vehicles. Prior to this, the product of home loan was the one which was majorly in demand by the public because of high interest nominal returns (Ciro, 2013). This resulted in creating fair value adjustments which later recognized as profit and losses by the business organizations. Soon the decline in housing process geared up and the demand for low quality home loan paper disappear which certainly led to the rapid decrease in the fair value of the product. European financial institutions have also purchased the low quality home loan paper so to participate in the demanding market but as soon as the need for this paper declined, the business organizations working in Europe also felt the distress in their economy. In the wake to re main safe and profitable various companies securitized their mortgages as well but that also couldnt save them from incurring losses (Sun, Stewart and Pollard, 2011). The results of global financial crisis forced IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) to formulate strategies that can be followed by all the firms that are operating business in the world. The extensive pressure from the government and business communities around the world forced IASB to regulate a strict timetable for the provisions of financial instruments. Due to this pressure, IASB planned to carry out reclassification of financial instruments (Oldani, Kirton and Savona, 2013). This was the first time when IASB formulated strategies that should be followed within the business houses in maintaining their accounts. IASB released an amendment to the already existing standards in 2008 of October, in which the reclassification of financial assets were carried on fair value is required to be carried on amortized cost. This allowed the business organization to reverse their losses on fair value. IASB also made amendments in IFRS7, it involves the categorization of fair value me asurement of all the financial instruments into three levels, and it also stated that any change or non enforcement of any level will be followed by the proper reason for the same (Castleden, 2009). The actions taken by IASB has proved certainly beneficial as companies have moved from making higher profits to working fairly in order to remain competitive and effective in the competitive market. Standards of IASB The global financial crisis has led to huge disparities and creation of cash crunch in the market. Business houses and political parties were started blaming the accounting practices being followed by the companies and specially the fair value measurement (Grant and Wilson, 2012). In such an environment of upraised criticism, IASB formed FCAG. The group was made in order to gain information about the potential causes that can lead to financial crisis. The group also looks into the proper implementation of the accounting standards mandate recommended by the IASB and also it undertakes potential improvements in the accounting standards that are followed by the business organization (Castleden, 2009). FACG also looks into the matter that accounting standard that were followed during the global financial crisis and also fair value measurement of financial instruments. In addition to this, IASB also amended various standards that were followed by organizations around the world. IASB made amendments in the IAS 39 because due to its stringent requirements for hedging of financial instruments many business houses were unable to do the same. Due to this reason many business organizations applied for fair value measurement to fixed rate. The old accounting standard related to the fair value accounting has some issues prior to global financial crises basically in valuing the financial instruments. Global financial crisis is due to one basic reason that can be failure of banks. The problems were mainly linked with the financial instruments disclosures at fair market value and its classification. These were the two main reasons that have been contributing more to the occurrence of the global financial crises. In order to solve this problem following the three levels of fair value measurement hierarchies have been introduced. Level 1: fair value directly obtained from market prices; Level 2: fair value principally derived from market prices, but with minimal unobservable market inputs; and Level 3: fair value principally derived from unobservable market inputs (i.e. fair value of instruments valued off models) (GAA Accounting. 2009). Classification of financial instruments was changed in amendment to the accounting stand ard of IAS 39. Prior to change the classification the management classifies the financial instruments in one of the four ways now management can classify in one of two ways. These are Financial instruments at Fair Value, Loans and receivables and Available for sale under certain conditions (ACCA, 2011). IASB also made amendment in the IFRS 13 fair value measurement because it requires disclosures about the fair value measurement. The notion was based on exit price concept which results in a market based measurement rather than organization based measurement. IFRS applies to financial period beginning on or after 1st January (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2017). In addition to this IASB also issued IFRS 9 on the place of IAS 39, this standard is used for recognition impairment and de-recognition and general hedge accounts (IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, 2017). The standard has been removed owing to its complications in every stage. As various methods has been introduced by IASB to improve accounting standards but due to one or the other issues, IASB made amendments in the same. Owing to the criticism for not launching a standard that is easy to use and apply, IASB again moved to fair value measurement. IASB released an amendment to the existing IFRS 7, financial instrument disclosures; this standard was effective for the organizations that follow the period of after 1st January 2009 (Castleden, 2009). This method was based on the US GAAP standards FAS 157, fair value measurement. IFRS 7 categorized fair value measurement in there levels of measurement hierarchies, these three levels indicates the following: 1st level: fair value should be acquired from the market prices 2nd level: it should involve very less unobservable market inputs 3rd level: fair value derived from major unobservable market The business organizations are required to follow fair value measurement according to the standards prescribed by the IASB. It also involves disclosures of sensitivities in fair value measurement of financial instruments. This method is quite sensitive and is also effective because it requires disclosures of financial instruments and their classification as well (Financial Reporting Accounting Standards, 2017). This method has certainly made the accounting procedures of the business organizations more effective than before. Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) and Influence of IASB The global financial crisis started to affect Australia in the year 2008, as the first clear sign was the drop of the stock exchange. In between February and April, the impact of global financial crisis raised and it was quite clear from the performance of the large business organizations, small money lenders etc. every aspect of the economy started to get effected by the same (Parker, 2009). The issue of credit in the market got increased and the difficulties in the availability of funds were clearly evident. In Australia, the stock market crashed very badly which also resulted in the downfall of the Australian currency. The government started to deliver simulation packages, apart from this the government also started to provide bank deposits, two substantial interest rate cuts all these events impacted the trust and confidence of the people who were dealing directly and indirectly in the market. The decisions made by IASB also influenced the AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board); the Australian constituents became the beneficiaries by the decisions made by IASB (Financial Reporting Accounting Standards, 2017). Various standards made by IASB have proved quite helpful in reconstructing the Australian market. AASB also applied certain standards in their accounting practices such as AASB 132, AASB 139 and AASB 7; all these standards were made in order to clarify the fair value measurements (Parker, 2009). Conclusion Global financial crisis has affected every sector and segment of the economy quite badly. Due to the devastating effects, several questions were raised regarding the fair value measurement and the accounting standards being followed in the business organizations. In such a situation IASB introduced various standards to cope with the situation. In addition to this, the standards were also helpful in avoiding the situation of financial crisis ever in future. No country remained unaffected with the effects of global financial crisis; Australia was also one of them. In the year 2008, the effect of global financial crisis could be felt in the market. The standards suggested by IASB were quite effective in the Australian marketing and it also helped in bringing back the economy to normal phase. References ACCA. 2011. The future of financial reporting 2011: Global crisis and accounting at a crossroads. [Online] Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/financial-reporting/tech-tp-farsig11.pdf [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Castleden, D. 2009. Are accounting standards responsible for the global financial crisis? [Online] Available at: https://www.gaaaccounting.com/are-accounting-standards-responsible-for-the-global-financial-crisis/ [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Ciro, T. 2013. The Global Financial Crisis: Triggers, Responses and Aftermath. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Financial Reporting Accounting Standards. 2017. [Online] Available at: https://home.kpmg.com/au/en/home/services/audit/financial-statement-audit/financial-reporting-accounting-standards.html [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. GAA Accounting. 2009. Are accounting standards responsible for the global financial crisis? [Online] Available at: https://www.gaaaccounting.com/are-accounting-standards-responsible-for-the-global-financial-crisis/ [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Grant, W. and Wilson, G.K. 2012. The Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis: The Rhetoric of Reform and Regulation. OUP Oxford. IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ifrs/ifrs13 [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en-us/standards/international/ifrs-en-us/ifrs9 [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Oldani, C., Kirton, J.J and Savona, P. 2013. Global Financial Crisis: Global Impact and Solutions. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Parker, C. 2009. [Online] Available at: https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/April_2009,_Accountants_Education_Channel,_Lessons_from_the_Global_Financial_Crisis.html [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Pozen, R.C. 2009. [Online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2009/11/is-it-fair-to-blame-fair-value-accounting-for-the-financial-crisis [Accessed on: 16 September, 2017]. Sun, W., Stewart, J. and Pollard, D. 2011. Corporate Governance and the Global Financial Crisis: International Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.