Where Are We with the US Recession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Where Are We with the US Recession - Essay ExampleThe whole of the viewpoints as presented in the article are base on the indications of two different definitions of recession. The first definition is based on the indication of contraction of substantial Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in two square quarters. The second definition of a recession is in accordance with the system developed by field of study Bureau Economic Research (NBER) which is based on the contraction of employment, industrial production, unfeigned sales and real income in the economic cycles whose dates are as declared by the Bureau.As analyzed by the authors, as per the first system, the recession in the United States had not begun till that date. The Gross Domestic product interpret showed an upward tr fire in the first quarter of 2008, which accounted for 0.6 percent. This trend was in continuation with similar evolution trends indicated in the last quarter of 2007. Though the article envisaged a downward t rend by the end of the second quarter, this may be reversed in the third quarter as the consumption of the revenue rebate cheques issued by the Bush government would take effect by this period.In the second methodological analysis the National Bureau Economic Research uses monthly indicators from the national accounts against the variables of employment, industrial production, real sales and real income to determine the actual dates of economic cycles and this system thus becomes more inclusive of minute details than in the case of the first methodological analysis which only considers GDP trends whose frequency is quarterly. This allows the freedom to declare recession without the concurrent occurrence of GDP contraction, as happened in 1960 and 2001.The authors of the article also describe the non- predictive nature of this methodology as NBER declares a recession only after six months of the actual start of the recession.

Why do Economies Grow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why do Economies Grow - Essay ExampleHere, the capital essentially includes all occupation tools. More work was done by other researchers after Solow to expand his mathematical model, as a result of which, certain other factors were also found to be the driving factors of a nations economy. Such factors include but are not limited to human capital and land. The validity of culture generated by Solow can be estimated from the fact that he was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in economics (Hardesty, 2011). Technology plays an consequential role in boosting the economy of a country. The following chart shows how the listed countries economy grew from 1973 till 2007 Economic step-up in different countries from 1973 to 2007 (Kenworthy, 2011). It can be seen in the chart above that certain countries showed a great growth of economy as compared to others in the mentioned duration. One reason is catch-up partly because they could borrow technology from the leaders, countries that began with a lower per capita GDP tended to grow more rapidly (Kenworthy, 2011). Sustainability of economic growth depends on several factors interchangeable the property market, mortgage trends and interest rates etc.

Leadership Practices Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

lead Practices - Term Paper ExampleTwo most important aspect of cult leading is that it fundamentally emerges from the sense of in law and exhorts its followers towards a path of root ideas and creed that may not inevitably be right or rational. Jim Jones and Charles Manson, both were strong cult leaders with destructive ideologies who were able to depict huge followers. Jim Jones and Jonestown mob Warren Jones or Jim Jones was a spectral fanatic who had founded Peoples synagogue with church buildinges in San Francisco and Los Angeles. As a boy, he was hailed as a religious messiah by his mother. He was a radical in the sense that he believed in equality and promoted social integration of blacks and African American in the mainstream society. His strong belief in the social justice and his views on socialism establish on commie leaning became his major plank for propagating new ideology. He established his first church in 1955 in Illinois and later shifted to California to sta rt Peoples Temple. He was greatly influenced by faith heal services of Baptist churches and employ practiced psychoticlogical and spiritual healing to gain trust and loyalty of his followers. Jim Jones exhibited leadership traits early when he was able to garner support for his social integration of blacks in the mainstream society. His charismatic reputation and strong religious leanings were strong enabling factors that inspired followers to action and work towards racial equity and social justice. He was able to bring about changes in other people. Social scientists assert that psycho analytical aspects atomic number 18 important tools to understand human relationship and behavior especially with regard to social... James Warren Jones or Jim Jones was a religious fanatic who had founded Peoples Temple with churches in San Francisco and Los Angeles. As a boy, he was hailed as a religious messiah by his mother. He was a radical in the sense that he believed in equality and pro moted social integration of blacks and African American in the mainstream society. His strong belief in the social justice and his views on socialism based on communist leaning became his major plank for propagating new ideology. He established his first church in 1955 in Illinois and later shifted to California to start Peoples Temple. He was greatly influenced by faith healing services of Baptist churches and used practiced psychological and spiritual healing to gain trust and loyalty of his followers.Jim Jones exhibited leadership traits early when he was able to garner support for his social integration of blacks in the mainstream society. His charismatic personality and strong religious leanings were strong enabling factors that inspired followers to action and work towards racial equity and social justice. He was able to bring about changes in other people. Social scientists assert that psycho analytical aspects are important tools to understand human relationship and behavior especially with regard to social defenses, leadership paradigms and demand (Levinson, 2002 Gabriel, 1999). These elements were extensively used by Jones to garner support for his religious and social bigotry. The understanding equipped him with the prerequisite knowledge.

International Business ) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business ) - Research Paper Example somatic cordial duty also has a great impact on the companys marketplace share and expendability. Many companies in various continents treat corporate social responsibility as a key aspect of their company survival technique. It has evolved from being a value additional concept of anxiety to on being among the key concepts. This is because consumers evaluate their produces depending on how friendly they are to the environment, and their conformance to most of the worldwide laws that business ethics look at be met. Many European companies are among the direct socially responsible for(p) companies in the present society (Global edge, 2012). This is true because Europe gets ranked as one of the greatest markets in the world. For this reason, the companies that operate in this zone must be willing to impress their consumers. The FTSE index provides the best gumshoe in monitoring corporate socially responsible companies, in Europe , and the remaining parts of the world. The reshuffle of leading global responsible investment index series provides information on the companies that have adhered to environmental and social laws in the internal business arena. Companies get to fluctuate from one position to a nonher because social laws transmute daily, and an organization will not be able to conform to each and every that is passed. In addition, not all corporate laws are universal. One of the most common companies that are socially responsible in Europe is Microsoft Europe. This is a company that was invented by Bill Gates and Paul Allen way back in 1975, and has since with co-operation with other companies revolutionized the software computing industry. As a software company, Microsoft does not face common responsibility in terms of social and environmental laws like other production companies. This is because it does not pollute the environment or utilize frequently of its resources (Barth & Wolff, 2009). Des pite this, social responsibility has been key to the company because it has since been expanding in to antithetical countries that harbor different social values. Microsoft has also been aware of the security issue their customers get to face in the internet, hence introducing free protective softwares such as windows defender. They have also include a vast number of language packs for their software users, hence allowing their products to be utilise by virtually everybody in the world. Another company that is well known for its social responsibility and international conformance is Toshiba. Toshiba is an galvanising component manufacturing companies to most other manufacturing companies, by and large in the computer industry. With a company of this nature, it demands so much from the environment due to the need for raw materials such as plastic and carbon fiber used in designing electrical circuit boards. It also utilizes metallic elements in some of its parts mostly aluminum a nd copper wires for cabling purposes. This means that the company gets to emit a lot of toxic gases to the environment. This will demand that to shows a lot of responsibility to those that live in its environment, and employees that work inside. However, the German company is ranked as the 22nd among the top a hundred companies that are socially responsible. This is because they have made sure that they do not release high levels of toxic gases to

Architectural Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architectural Criticism - Essay ExampleConventionally, each structural designer would wish to demonstrate considerable styles of modernity in his or her work (Roper 13). This explains wherefore modern buildings convey aspects of contemporary art and delusional creativity. Practically, ideologies motivating advancement in architecture terminus from dynamics within the consumer market. Public and private consumers need real estate assets with unique aesthetic value. In this regard, we will appraise a current architectural development within the public platform, and understand the discretion and breadth of objective concerns underlying such developments. The capital of the United Kingdom exceptional arena In the recent past, London 2012 Olympic Stadium featured as one of the most controversial architectural design in the world. The 80,000 capacity orbit is located in Stratfords Olympic park, in England. Its sole purpose of verbalism was to host final track and field events for th e concluded 2012 Olympic Games. It is famous for hosting numerous elite governmental and social personalities during the opening ceremonies, including the iconic sky fall of James Bond. This stadium was designed by Sir Robert McAlpine in 2007. McAlpine was previously known for playing a supportive role in designing the spectacular Wembley Stadium in England (Lewis 28). After completion of all design prospects, construction commenced in November 2008 and ended in February 2011. Upon completion, the stadiums design capacity was estimated at 80,000, with 25,000 permanent sit down and 55,000 temporary ones. Apart from the sitting space, the installation also house numerous changing rooms, parking garages and toilets for participating athletes and spectators. Architectural Facts about the Stadium On completion, Olympic Stadium was identified as one of the most spectacular public structures in the world. Such attribute results from the fact that the stadium has unique architectural de signs, with significant touch of fantasy and modernity. All the 55,000 temporary seats are located on the elevation tier, which is detachable from the main part of the stadium. After completion of the games, the top tier was removed leaving only 25,000 seats on the lower decks (Roper 16). The aspect of including a dismountable upper berth deck was meant to address the issue of rigidity or permanence of the structure after Olympics. It was possible that Stratford would not get another foreseeable opportunity to host major sporting events like the 2012 summer games. With adore to this premise, designers would dismantle the structure into a small stadium with a conventional capacity for local events. in a higher place the removable tier was a cable-supported roof made of glass. According to the design specifications, transparency of the roof would erase the need of artificial illumination during daytime events. Both the upper tier and the roof were supported by lightweight steel f rames and low-carbon cover (Bullivant 01). Actually, concrete used contained approximately 40% less carbon compared to mean(prenominal) concrete. This technical specification was meant to enhance implementation of special K energy principles in sporting events. Use of low-carbon concrete is in line with Englands goals of promoting use of renewable energy sources. Despite its role in addressing green energy objectives, low-carbon concrete offers less structural strength compared to normal concrete. In addition, lightweight steel frames used for support the roof compromised further on structural

Wars Without Congressional Declaration of War Essay

Wars Without Congressional Declaration of War - Essay ExampleOf those killed in the Korean War, 4,759 died go missing in action (MIA), 2,806 perished in prison camps (POW) and 2,484 died of wounds original (All POW, 2001). More than 8,000 soldiers be still listed as missing. Of the 1.7 million American troops deployed to Korea, the official number killed was more than 33,000 but when including those who died from illness, accidents and wounds received after they came home, the number rises to approximately 53,000. U.S. expenditures exceeded $64 billion dollars on the war (Yan, 2003). The most deadly battles exclusively occurred during the first year of the war. Three thousand six hundred three American soldiers died in the initial battle, the Pusan perimeter that lasted from August 4 through September 16, 1950. Another 1,641 were killed at the Chosin Reservoir, November 27 December 9 and 1,194 at Kunu-Ri, November 29 December 9 (The Forgotten War 2007).The hard lesson learned, seemingly, from Americas betrothal in Vietnam was that possessing an overwhelming military force does not guarantee victory. Though three million enemies were killed compared to 58,156 on the American side, the big dog in the fight eventually had to run home with its tail amongst its legs, beaten and humiliated. More than 2,594,000 U.S. military personnel were sent to South Vietnam from 1965 through 1973 in addition to the 50,000 advisors foregoing to that. Of those, 75,000 were classified as severely disabled with more than 23,000 soldiers classified as 100 percent disabled. The MIA number was 2,338 and 114 of the 744 POWs were killed (Duffie, 2004). The U.S. entered the Vietnam War and the recent invasion of Iraq to spread democracy to oppressed peoples (the official representation) and with owing(p) optimism for victory. Both conflicts supplied a similar paradigm the ability of America to use its military power as

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Essay ExampleNames are live representation of ones self and therefore, it can be correctly assumed that people would bid to have names which can be a catalyst to their personal and professional success.Korwitts stigma market is primarily the segment that intemperately believes in nameology. People, who are going through tough quantify and continuously face obstacles in their personal and professional lives, are also hugely motivated to exchange their names for a brighter future. Thus, Korwitts business is focused towards the people who are superstitious and have strong inclination to embrace non traditional concepts to improve their current situation and resolve dilemma that may be detracting them from success in life.Although Korwitts business is unique in its perspective, she nevertheless faces challenges from the people who are into astrology. almost of the products, especially from far-east countries like India and China, which are believed to bring good tidings, are becom ing increasingly popular amongst the westbound population and therefore, they can also be considered as threat to Korwitts

Ethics and the War on Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and the War on Terrorism - investigate Paper ExampleI define the issue as applies to international and human rights perspectives, its origin, and point of observe in favor and a deducest employing of torture in the war against terror.Terrorism is not morally justifiable, neither is in that location a single methodology successful in addressing the issue of terror. Therefore, various investigative agencies apply combine techniques of hookup intelligence with respect to terror activities. However, ethical and moral arguments encompass the war against terror, as the techniques employ to gather information from uncooperative suspects are illegal (Blakeley, 2011). The leading of these is the use of torture techniques in gathering intelligence. The question of the ethical perspective on the use of torture in addressing terror continues to elicit terrific debates, with each side holding stern views on the topic.Torture entails the process of inflicting severe pain to mortal wi th the purpose of forcing him or her to do or say something. It a practical approach apply since olden time against prisoners of war, suspected insurgents and spies and political prisoners (McCoy, 2012). However, with respect to terrorism, the governments identified the form of violence called terrorism in the tip between 1970s and 1980s. Thus, this is where the historical origin of the relations between torture terrorism also begins. Governments used the systemic torture in conflicts against rebels, insurgents, and resistance groups over hundreds of years in the past. However, the question trunk whether these conflicts identify the war against terrorism. Governments often refer to their non-state violent opponents as terrorists. Nonetheless, the ascertaining of their involvement in terrorist activity, in various cases, remains a debatable subject. Since the 9/11 assault on America, the subject of the use of torture to gain useful information from

HR Audit Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Audit Report - Essay Example994), Although traditional sources of competitive proceeds such as the innate resources, technology, economies of scale and so forth create value, the resource based argument is that these resources are increasingly slowly to imitate, especially in comparison to a complex social structure such as an transaction system. Hence, human resource strategies may be an especially important source of sustained competitive advantage.The mission of the organization is to provide quality bakery products at competitive prices. The quality consciousness in reflected in the policies of the anxiety in the production, marketing and customer service. But on the other hand the management should also try to evolve new methods to evaluate the cost of various operations more stringent. The assertion of quality should not be increasing the cost and this will tend to push the prices up and utmost prices will not encourage the bakery to achieve its mission.The vision of the bakery is To be a lead story bakery in major cities of the country. The vision of J Co is not clear and it is genuinely ambiguous in its definition of the exact terms. This kind of vision statement will not help in aligning the organization to wards achievement of goals.Based on the mission and vision, the management of the company has hypothesize the objectives. The annual objective of J Co bakery is to increase the sales by 10% in the year 2008. To achieve the target growth first an analysis of the planning activities and organizing activities is necessary. The audit of the plans show that J Co has planning done extensively for increasing the sales. But it is lagging behind in its want of planning in the area of projection of resources required to achieve the sales. The plans do not allocate work out effectively for each retail outlet but only a general allotment of coin on a whole. Hence, the personnel in each outlet do not have a clear picture about the allotment of m oney to carryout their operations and

GCC economies and their role in the world economy Research Paper

GCC economies and their role in the valet economy - Research Paper ExampleThe Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was formed on May 26, 1981. The GCC is an makeup specifically formed to unite the Arab oil color producing countries. Its major operation angle is to the southern regions of Asian continent. GCC is made up of six active Arabian countries that involve the Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain and Qatar. However, some new applications for atomship welcome been received from other oil producing Arabian countries like Jordan and Morocco. The objectives of GCC are to unite the member states with the aim of harmonizing quotas of oil in the world food market. The members have several factors in common among them religion, political structures, climatic conditions and natural resources. The organization also seeks to coordinate and promote economic productivity of the member states (Mohammed, 2011). The organization also intends to boost educa tion, healthcare, custom and trade among the member states. Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia in the views of Mohammed (2011) forms four-fifths of the entire GCC. Besides being a member of the GCC, Saudi Arabia is also a member of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Saudi Arabia has been voted the worlds largest oil reserve among the OPEC and the GCC member states. In fact, oil issue is the backbone of all the economic sphere of influences in Saudi Arabia. Estimates indicate that a third of the total oil produced by the OPEC comes from Saudi Arabia (Mohammed, 2011). Oil production in Saudi Arabia on a daily basis estimates at around 10 million barrels. As a result of massive oil reserves that infiltrate money to the country, Saudi Arabia enjoys a diversified economy with plenty of production industries that have offered jobs to its citizens and the world population in general. The oil sector has contributed to the development of various industries such as petrochem icals, fertilizers and steel manufacturing industries that boosted the export products of the country. Mohammed (2011) adds that Saudi Arabia has excelled in the production of dates and correct becoming the worlds best producer of dates. Saudi Arabia also has expanded fishing rationality and a lot of money has been ventured to modernize and promote sea fishing activities. In 1998, OPEC slashed Saudi Arabias global supply quota to 8 million barrels per day. The imposition of the quota led to significant elapse on the countrys total income. Telecommunications investment (% revenues) in Saudi Arabia In the reports of World Bank, telecommunication investments revenue in Saudi Arabia reached 84.12% in 2008. Telecommunication investments are expenditures associated with purchasing the ownership of telecommunication equipment infrastructures including land, building, get and computer software. Source Trading Economics, 2011 Current statistics in the world oil market show that Saudi Ara bia has much potential to increase its oil injection by additional 2.5 million barrels a day (Daya, 2011). Such an injection can boost oil supply in the world market and even ease the world energy crisis. Oil

Exercise 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exercise 3 - endeavor ExampleGoogle drive is a service where any type of papers stern be uploaded and composed. Files uploaded laughingstock only be edited after their conversion into Google Docs set. The name of the file remains the same twain in the converted and the original format in the activity section, but the symbol on the left(a) of the name helps determine whether the file is converted or not. It is recommendable not to check the box that asks for the conversion of externalize or pdf files because of the great possibility of occurrence of conversion issues. Once uploaded and clicked upon, files open in new tabs from where they john be read, edited, saved, and performed all other kinds of functions upon. The free version of Google Drive has established the limit of 5 GB for uploading documents. For storage beyond that, the account has to be purchased. Video 2 summary Part 2 of this motion-picture show serial publication is about creating documents within the Google Drive. Google Drive lets the users create documents that are similar to the formats they work with in the Microsoft Office. on that point are different programs that compare to different programs of the Microsoft Office e.g. Presentation in Google Drive is the equivalent of MS PowerPoint. Likewise, Spreadsheet in Google Docs has almost all of the vaunts of MS Excel. The user can perform different sorts of functions on the selective information in Spreadsheet just like it is done in MS Excel. Google Docs have an Autosave feature that obviates the need to properly save the content written in the file all the time. Users must first title the documents to furcate them from one another in the list. Most of the features of Google Docs are similar to those of Microsoft Office. Users can make a assume of the documents to be able to edit the documents even if the editing rights have not been granted to them by the vector of the documents. Users can revisit the older versions of the do cuments using the Revision History feature. This is a very powerful feature as a new revision history is created every time a change is do to the document. The Form in the Google Docs is a very useful program to conduct surveys with. Everything ranging from making graphs to drawings, writing, and making presentations can be done using the programs of the Google Docs. Video 3 summary Part 3 of this video series is about sharing documents within the Google Drive. Sharing is of two types sharing with a Google Docs user and sharing with a non-user of Google Docs. The way to share a document with a Google Docs user is to right-click anywhere on the row of the document, go to share, and then again share. The sender has the option of deciding whether the pass catcher can edit, comment, or just slew the document. Once the document has been shared, its shared status is visible on the row next to where it is located. The powers given to the receiver to change the file in any way can be lim ited or increase anytime by the sender. To share a document with a non-user of Google Docs, the first step is to convert the document from Google Docs format to the original format. Once this is done, the rest of the process is the same as for the user of Google Docs except we go to email as attachment instead of share in the third step. Any important updates about the document that the sender wants to share with the receivers can be sent as a message via Email collaborators. much than one file can also be shared with a group of people by creating a shared folder

Compare and contrast at least two anthropological interpretations of Essay

Comp are and contrast at least two anthropological interpretations of the destination assimilation - Essay ExampleTheir vision of culture influenced anthropological thinking for at least fifty years. Culture, as a focal point dodging, leads society to nonice important differences between humans and other phenomena that aspire directed. Humans and their guides are often in conflict. Humans, or peculiar primates, create a peculiar guidance system, one that is praised, died for, evaded, avoided, and taught to young children. Intuitively, all we know astir(predicate) culture makes sense.C. Geertz represents a symbolic anthropology school which underlines a key role of symbols (thoughts) in society and its culture. Geertz develops and discusses the main ideas about culture and its meaning in The recital of Culture (1973) and Local Knowledge Further essays in Interpretive Anthropology (1983). It is important to note that this school of thoughts is excessively called an interpreti ve anthropology, paying a special attention to semiotic nature of culture. Under the leadership of Clifford Geertz, culture generates considerable excitement as a semiotic concept. Ideas and concepts used in his theories, Geertz took from the work of Gilbert Ryle and translating his philosophic ideas into notions usable by anthropologists, Geertz is revitalizing an old link with philosophy. This revitalization movement has its own vision of culture. agree to Geertz, culture is no longer a map lodged in human minds it is no longer plans, recipes, and rules. Culture, now, is dealing in things which cut down meaning. More completely, and in Geertzs words, culture is traffic in anything that is disengaged from its mere actuality and used to impose meaning upon experience (Geertz 1973, p. 45). Within this context, human activity is well described as a text, and a culture as an assemblage of texts. In presenting texts to interested publics and in interpreting their meanings, anthropolo gists assume old roles with or so new labels, observers, scribes, translators, and interpreters. The documents anthropologists present must be deeply embedded in the contextual richness of hearty life a text, that is, must be a thick description. Geertz defines culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which people communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life (Geertz 1973, p. 89). The problem is, it is quite easy to write a text that is thick, but it is very backbreaking to write a text that is valid. The problem has not escaped Geertz. He admits that it is difficult to fathom what our informants are up to and what it all means. Also, he settles rather cheaply for doing the best we can and using a diffuse of guessing. In his words Cultural analysis is (or should be) guessing at meaning, assessing the guesses, and drawing explanatory conclusions from the better guesses, not discovering the Continen t of Meaning and mapping out its bodiless landscape. (1973 15) Guessing, a fundamental strategy in science, principally passes under the more prestigious name of hypothesizing. And hypothesizing, in traditional science, is but part of the opening moves. In the middle game and the end game scientists (1) build and use models and (2) utilize verification procedures. Instead of schematic models, Geertz provides two general and rather strange images. Humans, for Geertz, are like spiders suspended in webs of significance

6340 week 1 posts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

6340 week 1 posts - Assignment ExampleThe questions you have raised shed are amazing because you bring out an saying of research and teaching experience of the faculty that are existing which have not been discussed by others and no(prenominal) of the advertisements I have encountered mention any of that. I however wonder if you would explain why at that place is need to know the experience of the existing faculty and what relevance that information has on the roles of the nurse pedagogue (OShea, 2002). I withal think a secondary research will provide some of that information.The premier jobs requirement of employing a US citizen is not only limiting but also prejudicial because US is composed of many nationalities some of whom are more educated and qualified and I have an experience of that. In addition to the questions about accreditation of the institution, the accreditation of the nurse educator who will be employ there may be questioned later by future employees and hence should be a catamenia of concern for the appli pukets (National League for Nursing Certification Governance Committee, 2005). Further information especially about accreditation can be obtained from websites of higher education in that

Income Distribution Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Income Distribution - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe reciprocal ohm factor is the labor market that contrasts the standard supply model with the alternative possibility of bargaining power. impose cuts lead to managerial energies that divert the remuneration expense at the expense of employment. On capital income, the authors evoke that Europe adheres to a U-shaped model that inherits wealth through capital income levyation that curbs dissimilitude. The controversy surrounding income inequality attributes to technological change and globalization. On the issue of inherited wealth, the author observes difference in magnitude crossways countries. The existing estimates show differences between the French U-shaped patterns that apply to Germany. The wealth surveys tend to underestimate inheritance put across and that explains the reason behind the rise of inheritance flows in the recent period that appears limited in several(prenominal) countries. The variations in the total magnitude of wealth accumulation also explain the variations between the countries. The authors use contrastive approaches to explain the differing experience in other advanced economies. The rise in the share of the treetop 1 percent has a noteworthy effect on the overall income inequality in America. During the First military personnel War, the authors find that economic growth accompanies a rise in inequality and a decline in inequality. An interwar period fails to exhibit secular downward trend in the shares of top incomes. In the issue of tax rates that authors find consistency of tax rates that contribute to the earlier decline in the top income shares. The decline in the top capital incomes is the primary driver of top income shares in the early 20th century. Lastly, the authors talk concerns earned income and capital income. The joint distribution of earned income and capital income compares with a Ricardian model. The pattern of go across represents the copula that ill ustrates joint distribution in terms of ranks in the distribution of capital and earnings income.The authors

Writing suggestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing suggestions - Es avow ExampleTherefore, the contend of every young adult like me is to find out for himself what good a particular mathematical assemblage can bring him and how he can use it in his life. Perhaps, the most influential group I have ever been a part of has always been my family. My family is a big one, an extended family that or sohow determined my every decision sluice which school I should go to, or which woman I should marry, or which people I should not make friends with, and even which political view I should adopt. My aunts and uncles in twain my mother and father sides were broad(prenominal)ly opinionated people and extremely argumentative too, and sometimes even to the put of being overly critical. Perhaps, it is because they are professionals lawyers, professors, doctors, and engineers. Since my family values respect for the elderly and since I knew that these people are use to others agreeing with their opinion, I have learned how to be humbl e, passive and submissive whenever I encountered my older family members. It was necessary for me to say yes to them whenever they asked me to do an errand or whenever they gave me some advice on anything even if it was ridiculous. Another group to which I believe I have particularly belonged for a long time is my group of friends at my full(prenominal) school, with whom I tranquil communicate until now. They have mostly gone to other universities but they have been the most supportive to me during my high school years. Whereas my family only severely criticized me whenever I did poorly on any particularly subject in high school, my friends then distracted me from my frustrations and disap transmitments with my family. Had I not paid attention to their distractions and had I only center on the destructive criticisms, I would be taking drugs now. Nevertheless, thanks to my friends in high school they got me into sports and backpacking. At least, my mind had earned itself a well- deserved break from the constant nagging of my self-righteous family members. With my high school group of friends, there were only just two easy ways to adapt to play sports and to be myself. basketball and soccer were as easy to me as having breakfast in the morning so it was not frequently of a challenge. Ironically, being myself was harder for I grew up in a family where I had to please everyone to the point of anticipate a whole new different character. Nevertheless, my family is obviously a more superior group to my high school friends in terms of rules. Another group who I believe has influenced me much is my trinity friends from our neighborhood. I got these terzetto male friends from the neighborhood who are almost the same age with me and who are also into sports. These three young men are actually extremely dependent on their very supportive parents to the point of being spoiled. In fact, they belong to this group of people who just want to spend their time away, ev en waste it, thinking they got their parents to back them up all the time. They would usually treat me to some coffee, Gatorade or some Caesars salad, as they are all health buffs. Actually, I have nothing to do moreover to remain below their financial level that is the only silent requirement for the group. They are three chivalrous and egoistic men who think that no one in this world can equal them. Nevertheless, these three people taught me confidence, and taught me that I had my own free will all along. Somehow, I also needed this to isotropy the pressure that my family would sometimes impose on me. Although these three young men are not professionals barely just like my aunts and uncles, I believe they are superior in terms of mental and stimulated freedom. Society and rules silently control my family members and govern their emotions and reactions, while my three friends are indifferent to a

Physiology of Aging Essay Example for Free

Physiology of Aging EssayAging is a process that all humans mustiness go through, and as life sentence expectancy increases it becomes more important to understand the intimate details to prescript aging process. Maintaining health is very important to this process, the of maturate(p) a person becomes the more medical service is needed.Since aging is a process that begins when you are conceived and continues for as long as we live out life span, our dead body reflects genetic comp cardinalnts and environmental be intimate. So in a genetic way our bodies has the capacity to fit and repair as well as collect damages from disease process. In this society, we now recall of 65 to 74 years old as young old, 75 to 84 as middle old and 84 plus, as old old. With the our age advancing all of our bodys systems eventually reduce to a slow rate while everyones aging experience is different, there are some generalizations that can be seen in each of the bodys systems.Skin, the first function of the skin is to protect the organism from the environment. But as we age our skin looses it is thickness by about 20 percent. The skin becomes thin and fragile and can no longer retain national heat.For the Musculoskeletal, brawniness mass is a primary source of metabolic heat. When muscles contract, heat will generate. The heat that the muscle puts out maintains body temperature, to require normal body function. Around the third decade of persons life span, the muscle tissue reduces in size, elasticity and strength. As a result the body gets older and muscular activity becomes less takes more to complete a task. As for the respiratory function the lungs tolerate elastic recoil in the lung tissues. These changes can reduce the efficiency of gas exchange and lake hard to exercise. The cardiovascular function usually shows a slowdown in the autonomic nervous system, but is usually right enough to allow moderate physical activity, throughout their lives.As for the metab olism and Endocrine with old age comes the reduction in hormone production. This reduction affects the metabolism, water, electrolyte, carbohydrate, protein, lipid and vitamins disorder is common with the aging process. Like other systems, the nervous system also changes with age. There is loss of neurons and in the spinal cord and hearing, slight, and touch is reduces belief can easily be the result of this. All and all-elderly people are at a prejudice when it comes to generating metabolic heat. They have less muscle structure. And their skin provides less protection from heat loss. They have impaired neurotransmissions that then make them less active. This is life and its aging process, which need to keep healthy and take it one day at a time.

The Breakdown of the Union Essay Example for Free

The Breakdown of the northward EssayManifest Destiny is a develop that expressed the belief that the unite States had a divinely inspired mission to expand, spreading its form of land and issuedom.The phrase Manifest Destiny was first used primarily by Jackson Democrats in the 1840s to get along the annexation of much of what is now the Western United States (the Oregon Territory, the Texas Annexation, and the Mexican Cession). knuckle downry, the exploitation of Africans for hard labor, was as well as growing vastly in popularity during this period of territorial expansion. These contr everywheresial ideologies, including such events as Mexican War, the Wilmont Provisio, the schooling of the Republican Party, the Dred Scott Decision, the Brooks-Sumner Incident, the Anthony Burns Incident, the Ostend manifesto, Uncle Toms Cabin, and unbalanced congressional re dumbfoundation aided in sending the federation into turmoil and eventually splitting it entirely.The Mexican War between the United States and Mexico began with a Mexican attack on American troops along the southern b vow of Texas on Apr. 25, 1846. Fighting ended when U.S. Gen. Winfield Scott occupied Mexico city on Sept. 14, 1847 a few months later a peace treaty was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo. In addition to recognizing the U.S. annexation of Texas, defeated Mexico ceded California and , New Mexico (including all the present-day states of the Southwest) to the United States.During the war governmental quarrels arose regarding the disposition of conquered Mexico. A strong All-Mexico movement urged annexation of the entire territory. Abolitionists opposed that position and fought for the exclusion of thrall from some(prenominal) territory absorbed by the United States. In 1847 the House of Representatives passed the Wilmot Proviso, stipulating that none of the territory graspd should be open to slavery. The Senate avoided the give up, and a late attempt to add it to the Treaty of G uadalupe Hidalgo was defeated.A major make out of mesh between the Southern slave states and the Northern free states was the lack of assistance given by northerners to southern slave-owners and their agents seeking to recapture escaped slaves. In 1850 Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law. The faithfulness stated that in future any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000. People suspected of being a runaway slave could be arrested withoutwarrant and turned over to a claimant on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership.The Fugitive Slave Law brought the issue home to anti-slavery citizens in the North, since it made them and their institutions responsible for enforcing slavery. Even moderate abolitionists were now faced with the immediate survival of defying what they believed an unjust law or breaking with their own conscience and belief. The case of Anthony Burns, in which a blowout slave was returned to slavery under the p rotest of 50,000 citizens of Boston, and the celebration of the abolitionist, Charles Sumners assault by Preston S. Brooks, fell under this statute.The Ostend Manifesto was a secret document written in 1854 by U.S. diplomats at Ostend, Belgium, describing a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain. The document declared that Cuba is as necessary to the North American republic as any of its present phalluss, and that it belongs naturally to that great family of states of which the Union is the Providential Nursery. The aggressively worded document, and Souls advocacy of slavery, caused outrage among Northerners who matt-up it was a Southern attempt to extend slavery. American free-soilers, just recently stirred with the Fugitive Slave Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, decried the manifesto of brigands. Thus the American scheme to capture Cuba fizzled. clashing in a Ripon, Wisconsin Congregational Church on February 28, 1854 some thirty opponents of the Nebraska Act called for the government of a new political companionship and suggested that Republican would be the most appropriate name. The radicals also took a leading role in the creation of the Republican Party in many northern states during the summer of 1854 . While conservatives and many moderates were content merely to call for the restoration of the Missouri Compromise or a prohibition of slavery extension, the radicals insisted that no further political compromise with slavery was possible.In the following years, this anti-slavery party would gain many followers. By 1856 the Republicans had elected a Republican Speaker of the House of Representatives and placed a candidate in the election for president. In the Election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln would become inaugurated as a member of the Republican party, defeating JohnBreckinridge, Stephen Douglas, and John Bell of the Southern Democratic Party, Northern Democratic Party, and Constitutional Union respectively.Dred Scott was an American slave who was taken first to Illinois, a free state, and then to Minnesota, a free territory, for an prolonged period of measure, and then back to the slave state of Missouri. After his original master died, he sued for his freedom. He ab initio won his freedom from a Missouri lower court, but the decision was reversed by the Missouri exacting hook and remanded to the trial court. Simultaneously, Scott had filed suit in federal court, where, after prevailing on the issue of his status as a citizen of Missouri, he lost a trial by jury. Scott appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which used the case to fundamentally change the legal balance of power in favor of slaveholders.The Court ruled that 1. No Negroes, not even free Negroes, could ever become citizens of the United States. They were beings of an inferior order not included in the phrase all men in the Declaration of Independence nor afforded any rights by the Constitution. 2. The exclusion of slavery from a U.S. territory in the Miss ouri Compromise was an unconstitutional red ink of property (Negro slaves) without due process prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 3. Dred Scott was not free, because Missouri law alone applied after he returned there.The decision was a culmination of what many at that time considered was a push to expand slavery. The expansion of the territories and resulting admission of new states meant that the longstanding Missouri Compromise would cause the loss of political power in the South as all new states would be admitted as free states. Thus, Democratic party politicians sought repeal of the Missouri Compromise and were finally successful in 1854 with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which naturally ended the compromise. Overall the reaction to the decision from opponents of slavery was fierce.Uncle Toms Cabin was the best-selling bracing of the 19th century (and the second best-selling book of the century after the Bible) and is credited with both dower to start the American Civil War and helping to fuel the abolitionist cause in the United States. This era also marked a dramaticincrease in congressional image for free states. Compared to the overall equality of representation in senate and minor favoring of free states in the House during 1813, an 1860 summation exhibits a vast tip in the scale for free states over slave states. An unfair congress meant rage and conflict in the unaffiliated south, as well as future secession.At the advent of the mid-1800s, the Union faced perilous difficulties that seemed only to be solvable by war. By 1861, Civil catastrophe was inevitable, and the differences that initially split the nation soon engulfed it. Conflicts including the Mexican War, the Wilmont Provisio, the growth of the Republican Party, the Dred Scott Decision, the Brooks-Sumner Incident, the Anthony Burns Incident, the Ostend Manifesto, Uncle Toms Cabin, and unbalanced congressional representation contributed to nat ional dispute and eventual dissemination of the state.

The Nazi Doctors Essay Example for Free

The Nazi Doctors EssayRobert Jay Liftons The Nazi Doctors is a book that summarizes and explains the lives of some(prenominal) prisoner doctors and Nazi SS doctors during the Holocaust. Lifton discusses their roles in the attempt of the Nazis to present their plan for a stainless range as a medical practice and a sort of euthanasia for what the Nazis considered imperfect valet beings. Through the interviews of both Nazi and prisoner doctors, I can determine the struggle that go about these doctors and withal realize the pressure on Hitler to make the world estimate his views and actions of both genocide and the perfect race as acceptable. Basic from each oney, Lifton is telling us that the Nazis knew that the world would be against the plan to murder eachone with an imperfection. So, the Nazis tested to use what could be conceald as medical means and mercy assassinateings to accomplish this dream. What the world thought made a difference because the world could and w ould try to stop the Nazis if it appeared that they were conducting mass murders. In The Nazi Doctors, Lifton brings to my attention that the Nazis constantly faced a struggle to keep what they were truly doing from the world. One example was the use of sedatives in great amounts to kill impaired children, attempting to make it look, upon investigation, as if the child was merely oermedicated (Lifton, p.54-55). When the world realized what the Nazis were doing, the reaction was canonicalally piece War II. The weltanschauung or philosophy of life is examined in The Nazi Doctors in some(prenominal) ways. The Hitler philosophy that it is the states responsibility to declare unfit for propagation all who are in any way visibly sick or who confound inherited a disease and can therefrom pass it on.(Lifton, p.22), is evident throughout the book. It is portrayed as an evil philosophy. Lifton relates more to Martin Buber and social lion Baeck who were both Jews and both supported the Jewish community during World War II.Like Buber who opposed Hitlers regime and lectured against the Nazis, Lifton remarks several times that the Nazis tried to hide the evil they were doing from the world, proving they knew it was evil and unacceptable. Lifton even states that Buber saw one of the most goodish SS doctors, Josef Mengele as a wound in the order of being (Lifton, P.381). This also leads to the assumption that the book takes the views of Leo Baeck whose philosophy, from my point of view, was basically that ethical acts are a response to experiencing God and that the Nazis unethical acts are all from a decision to choose to perform these unethical acts. Jane Elliot and The Nazi Doctors share the same philosophy on life. As Elliot opposes white supremacy, so does this book expose an opposite racial supremacy.As Elliot opposes supremacy over blacks and tries to show the world its hidden prejudices through bold faced lectures and the Blue look/Brown eyes exercise, this bo ok exposes Hitlers prejudices over many races he insisted were inferior. And it was not just races but citizenry with any impairment, whether it be mental or physical, that Hitler and his Nazis opposed. By reading Liftons point of view, I can see how he related to Jane Elliots view of life. According to The Nazi Doctors, the Nazis began experimenting in their hospitals, but eventually diffuse their euthanasia to their concentration camps. The book explains how the whole killing plan came about in five basic steps first came sterilization of impure human beings, the killing of impaired children, the killing of impaired adults, past the move to killing of impaired inmates in the concentration camps and prisons, and finally the mass murders of whole races and peoples. Always the Nazis tried to disguise these mass murders and killing of the innocent behind medical practices. This is why doctors were used to determine who should be put to death. Even as they arrested those who opposed or spoke against the Regime, the Nazis also realized how important the apology was. This is proven by the fact that they responded to resistance to direct medical killing by trying to disguise many deaths as results of pneumonia or accidental overmedication. The antisemitism in Europe, especially in Germany with their history of anti-semitic stories and myths, made an lightheaded target for Hitler and his Nazis. Because the people misunderstood the Jews, it was easy to make them fear the Jews. This made it easy to create a following to exterminate all Jews and later the Poles and gypsies and anyone the Nazis felt were impure to the human race. Although in the unite States there was not a strong sense of anti-Semitism, and we were fighting to destroy Hitlers regime, anti-Semitism did exist and many Jews here felt isolated. However, without the history of fears of different races, since we are a melting sens of races, it would be difficult to focus on so many races as impure. Not to say that the United States does not hold prejudices, but the basis of our Constitution is the freedom to live and provides us with certain rights. So, frequently of America would be outraged by the Nazis and their methods of racial purification. Thus leading to the reason why Hitlers Holocaust plan needed worldwide indifference as well as a jurisprudence state. The police state was necessary to control the extermination selection and the secrecy of what was really going on, and the people themselves. Worldwide indifference was necessary to what they were doing in order to squelch all protests and opposition to their plan. In new(prenominal) words, so no one would try to stop them. Lifton makes this crown throughout the book. My personal reaction to this book, other than the horror to the truths it reveals, is that Lifton did a thorough job of delving into the minds of both the prison doctors and the Nazi doctors. He tries to show his readers how each side felt and what they lived through. He reveals the ways the prison doctors overcame great horrors and shocks to help the best way that they could.He explains how the Nazi doctors rationalized their part in the Regimes plan and how they dealt with their evil responsibilities by drinking alcohol. Lifton makes it clear that he disagrees with this idea of a pure race and sees none of this as medical euthanasia, but as mass murder. I agree with Lifton and appreciate his great attempts to find the truth through his interviews. The book was provoke as well as stirring since it brought a sickness to my soul to understand how these massive killings and injustices could have ever occurred.Work CitedLifton, Robert Jay. The Nazi Doctors. New York, NY, USA Basic Books, Inc.,1986.

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tubing Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tube-shaped structure EssayWe did this experiment to test the diffusion of diverse substances by dialysis tubing. We apply what we knew about diffusion to make predictions on what we thought the kettle of fish of the dialysis tubing to be later submerging them for 30 mins and we knew that diffuse occurs from spiritedest intentness to lowest dumbness.Since the dialysis tubings ar alter with diametrical substances than what they are being vomit into then they should all gain or lose portion. If the dialysis tubing is submerged in divergent substance than what is in the tubing then whatsoever of the dialysis tubings ordain lose mass and some impart gain mass. To begin this experiment we filled 5 dialysis tubings with one of the fin substances water supply system, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. The equipment use was 5 dialysis tubing, a shield, bekers, water, egg white, sucrose, glucose, NaCl, and 5 cups. We put the five dialysis tubing filled with one of the five substance into a cup filled with one of the substance water, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. Then we allow them sit in there for 30 mins then took them out of the cups and remassed them.The dialysis tubing did let some of the different etymons in but not all of them. Most of the dialysis tubing gained mass and some lost some mass as well. We found that the substances go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The info supports our purpose of doing this experiment to find out what happens when a substance in a dialysis tubing is put into a cup of a difference substance to see which ones gain mass and which ones lose mass. A pattern of the data is that the control group did not gain or lose mass. Two of the substances gained mass and two of the substance lost mass. Our results proved our hypothesis that some of the dialysis tubings would gain mass and some of the dialysis tubing would lose mass. Beca use two of the dialysis tubings gained mass and two of the dialysis tubings lose mass it just shows that the substances went for an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.A few errors of our experiment is that we could have not used enough of the substances in the dialysis tubings or we could have left the dialysis tubings the cups of substance for a long amount of time which could have changed our results majorly because the more time the dialysis tubings sit in the cup of substances the more they had time to diffuse.Osmosis done Dialysis TubesWe performed this experiment to see how water moves across a semi-permeable membrane. We filled the dialysis tubes with different Mole concentrations of sucrose, and we used our knowledge of osmosis to figure out the different concentrations. If the dialysis tube increases both in sizing and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest bulwark concentration of sucrose.We learned that during osmosis, a form of passive diffusion which means that it requires no energy to move across the membrane, water will always move to the area where the water concentration is lower, so if the sucrose has a high mole concentration then the water will move into the bug out since there is little water there, and if the bag has a low mole concentration then there will be pocketable water moving into the bag since there is already a relatively high concentration in the bag.The materials we used to conduct this experiment were 6 Dialysis Tubes, 6 different mole concentrations of sucrose (0 M concentration, 2 x 10M concentration, 4 x 10 M concentration, 6 x 10 M concentration, 8 x 10 M concentration, 1 M concentration), 6 cups to hold the water, a scale to weigh the mass of the dialysis tubes onwards submerging the bags in water and after.To begin this experiment we first filled the bags with the different mole concentrations of sucrose, the different concentrations were color-coordinated with different colors for a different concentration. Next we weighed the mass of the bags before submerging them in the water, and filled the cups with water so that we could submerge the tubes. by and by the bags were massed and the cups were filled with water we submerged the bags for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes were up we took the bags out of the water and blotted them off with a ironic paper towel. Finally we massed the bags and recorded our results so that we could compare them with the results from before we submerged the tubes.After analyzing our results we concluded that the easy substance was water, because it gained no mass,The purple substance was the 2 x 10 M concentration because it gained little mass, more than the blue substance.The light green substance the 4 x 10 M concentration because it gained some mass, more than the 2 x 10 .concentration but not as much as the 6 x 10 M concentration.The red substance was the 6 x 10 M concentration because it gained more mass than the 4 x 10 M c oncentration but less than the 8 x 10 M concentration.The green substance was the 8 x 10 M concentration because it gained more mass than the .6 Molar concentration but less than the 1 M concentration, and in the long run the Yellow substance was the 1 M concentration, because it gained the most mass.Our results answered our question, How can you tell the molar concentration of a 0 .2, .4, .6, .8 , and 1 molar concentration of sucrose? Our results showed us that our hypothesis, If the dialysis tube increases both in size and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest mole concentration of sucrose, was also correct because the Yellow substance gained the most mass out of all the other substances and was also the substance with the highest Molar concentration of 1, and the Blue concentration gained no mass therefore it was water, because if there is as much water on the inside as the impertinent then no osmosis takes place.Some sources of error for this experiment is that we co uld have left the solutions in longer, possibly ever-changing our results. Or that we could have also not used enough of the solutions.Diffusion using Potato roundsWe are conducting this experiment in order to see what happens during the process known as diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane. Our hypothesis was that if the Molar concentration is higher in a sucrose solution then the murphy will lose mass and if the Molar concentration is lower in a sucrose solution then the murphy will gain mass.We learned about diffusion and how a semi-permeable membrane single lets certain molecules pass through it. Diffusion is the act of a molecule passively passing through a semi-permeable membrane. This action of diffusion helps regulate the cells processes and this is done on a unfluctuating basis so that the cell can live and function.For this experiment we needed 36 potato sticks (18 of a sweet potato and 18 of a regular potato), 6 sucrose solutions (0M, .2M, .4M, .6M, .8M, and 1M ), a scale, cups. First what we did was we massed our potato sticks, and recorded them. Next we filled the cups with the different solutions of sucrose and submerged the potato sticks for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes we massed the potato sticks and recorded the changes and analyzed the previous data with the data we received, here are our resultsAfter analyzing our results, we concluded that the potato sticks in the Blue concentration gained the most mass out of all the solutions, and the xanthous concentration grained not mass, but instead lost mass. This is because water will move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. We also calculated the water potential of the potato sticks and found it to be -7.86 for a regular potato and -17.01 for the sweet potato.All of the experiments that we did, the substances had a semi-permeable membrane that only let certain things through it. All of the experiments consisted of putting different substances into cups filled with different solution and seeing if they lost or gained mass dependent on if the amount of water that was in the substances and the solutions. There was a pattern throughout all of the experiments where one of the substances in the cups of solution gained nor lost mass but stayed the same and two of the substances in the cups of solution gained mass and two of the substances in the cups of solution lost mass.

World Religion Essay Example for Free

World Religion EssayConfucianism and Daoism are both of the most influential schools of thought in ancient China. Both are not only ship canal of thinking, nevertheless ways of life. They are not religions they have no teaching of worship of gods, or the time to come each philosophy focuses on the individual and their behavior. Confucianism and Daoism are often considered polar opposites for several reasons, although they have a few similarities.Confucianism has a core of morality, ethics, and activism. It encourages social harmony and mutual respect. Confucianists sought to perfect their character by living(a) a virtuous life and seeking goodness. They valued ethics, respect for elders, and propriety.Confucius, the originator of Confucian thought, believed semipolitical order would be found by the proper ordering of human relationships, and so did not problem himself with the structure of the state. He stressed that a good government must fill their positions with well-ed ucated and conscientious people, called Junzi. Confucius was followed by his disciples Mencius and Xunzi. They also possessed the same optimism that humans could improve themselves to perfection.Daoism has a core of self-reflection and oneness with the cosmos. They refused to arbitrate with problems that they thought defied solving, and were the prominent critics of Confucian activism. They devoted their energy to introspection, in hopes that they could better understand the natural principles of the world. The primal concept of Daoism is Dao, roughly meaning the way of nature.The exact definition of Dao is unclear it is portrayed as an unchanging, passive force that does without doing. Daoists try to follow Dao through Wuwei complete disengagement from competition and activism, and instead living in harmony with nature. This philosophy discouraged the presence of any government or empires, just pocket-sized self-sufficient communities.There are a few similarities between Conf ucianism and Daoism. They were both created as a solution for the chaos that emerged from the fall of the Zhou Dynasty, although it was the arrival of Legalism that created unification in China. They both focus on self-reformation Confucianism in the form ofrelations with others, and Daoism in the form of relations with oneself and nature. Confucianism and Daoism clearly have strong contrasts, but many people believe that for a person to be whole, they should incorporate elements from each.ReferencesTaoism and confucianism ancient philosophies. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.ushistory.org/civ/9e.asp (Taoism and confucianism, 2012).Kapaj, L. (10 A). Via historia. Retrieved from http//puppy.viahistoria.com/classwork/taoismonconfucianism.html (Kapaj, 10 A).Huzhang. (2000). news of confucianism. Retrieved from http//www.pureinsight.org/node/1048 (Huzhang, 2000).

Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Food Nation EssayFood connotes more than than reasonable an intake to be able to sustain life. It is a reflection of a myriad of culture existing in a society. Looking at f atomic number 18, matchlessness puke see its various fusions of cultural identities lively to satisfy ones appetite. Food is a perfect example of a world that enters into the do of globalization where nations embrace the flow of cultural exchange. Countries such(prenominal) as the united States and Italy are kn make for having divers(a) demographics. The diversity of its population brought influences into their diet as well.However, although both countries may have fused each separates culture into their food, there are still differences which make them distinct from each other such as how they handle and view food. The United States is one of the largest countries when it comes to its size and population. It has a wide variety of immigrants which flowed starting from the nineteenth century and as its population continues to grow, its culture has been as dynamic as its food (Counihan, 2002, p. 26). extensive part of these immigrants later joined the American workforce as every parent became employed.The absence of every the mother or the father at home veered the majority of the population away from home-cooked meals. Eating step forward became an alternative for families to have their meals together and eating out means buying food from a restaurant (Schlosser, 2001, p. 4). From this concept of eating outside the confines of a home, the fast food world was born. The term fast-food refers to a speedy availability of food, further described as a provision of limited, standard menu with vigorous service (Royle Towers, 2002, p. 190).Fast food became not just a way to fill skipped meals at home exclusively it turned out to be a modus vivendi. The United States initially became known for its fast food because of the rise of popular food chains such as McDonalds and Burge r King. Its convenience of having ready-made food suits the lifestyle of people especially those who go to work early and go home late. Since there are a large number of working people in the United States, they flock to these restaurants to eat. Foods are world prepared in bulks to anticipate the huge numbers of customers.Most ingredients provided are delivered frozen. Cooking methods involved one or a couple of processes to guarantee its speed. Assembling ingredients in a line system desire burger patties will be able to cook a dozen of it at the same time (Schlosser, 2001, p. 69). more or less of the food ingredients only require adding hot water and its ready for preparation. Fast foods are unremarkably packed in paper wraps, foil, and cartons. The materials of these wrappings are disposable which suites the people on-the-go to eat the food wherever they are. condescension the convenience brought about by fast food, healthier ingredients are being given up. As previously me ntioned, ingredients are frozen which indicates that these are not fresh and devoid of its natural healthy components with much more added fats. Since Americans are busy with work with no time to prepare food for them, fast food becomes the contiguous available fast option. Italians, on the other hand, became the center of what should be a counterpart of fast food. A country rich in culture, its food gained renowned identity throughout the world. Just like in the United States, Italian food is a lifestyle.It is a lifestyle which extends to close interaction with families and friends in a laid-back environment dining and drinking wine (Parasecoli, 2004, p. xii). The relaxed atmosphere among most Italian household can be seen as a break from the political and social unrest that reign the Italian earth during history. Italian food is famous for the cheese, the wine, and the pasta. Made from a wide array of sea foods, vegetables, and meat Italian food is prepared picking up the fresh ingredients and served as a craft of art. Ricotta, for example, is bought by locals on-key from a shepherd on the day it is made (Harrison, 1989, p.17). Italians regard their food not just as an energy provider but as a medicine for the soul, one of lifes imperishable pleasures (Harrison, 1989, p. 17). Most of the Italian foods are cooked in accordance with traditions and the food preparation varies from the different regions of Milan and Florence (Harrison, 1989, p. 143). Taking this traditional view of Italian cuisine, a movement was established to retain not just the traditional provision of the Italians but also all traditional cuisines of the world. The vague Food movement is originally established as a counterpart of fast food.The idea of this movement is to make food from scratch in your own kitchen (Kummer, Cushner, Schlosser, 2002, p. 10) rather than the processed artificial food at fast food chains. Just like Italian food, the movement aims to take food as a pleasurabl e experience offered by life in contrary to fast foods (Pollan, 2008, p. 194). The Slow Movement suggests making food out of ingredients that are ideally big in the backyard or farms, harvested, and cooked with other natural recipes. The people who eat the foods are not only consumers but co-producers as well.Just like the Italian food, this movement also promotes the pleasure of food eaten and shared communally (Pollan, 2006, p. 259). Though this movement proved to be promising, some may say that in contrast with fast-food, the Slow Food Movement is more expensive to obtain and to do. Since fast-food is more accessible and cheaper, the movement has been tagged as elitist and cannot be afforded by ordinary people (Kummer, et al. , p. 10). By its term of slow-food, this may not suit the lifestyle of most people coming from the working class due to the lack of time for food preparation.United States and Italy vary from the way they live their life with food. Though nowadays, some of their own cuisines have been inspired from one another. Their views of food have a huge gap as the two nations came from different backgrounds and developed cultures that draw them apart from each other. Their cuisine style and food preparation became significant in the world nowadays and though different in principles, people enjoy it nonetheless.References Counihan, C. (2002). Food in the USA A Reader. unfermented York Routledge. Harrison, B. G. (1989). Italian Days.New York Atlantic Monthly Press. Kummer, C. , Cusner, S. , Schlosser, E. (2002). The Pleasures of Slow Food Celebrating Authentic Traditions, Flavors, and Recipes. USA Chronicles Books. Parasecoli, F. (2004). Food Culture in Italy. Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Pollan, M. (2008). In Defense of Food An Eaters Manifesto. New York The Penguin Press. Royle, T. Towers, B. (2002). Labour dealings in the Global Fast-Food Industry. New York Routledge. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York Houghton Mifflin Books.

International Political Economy Essay Example for Free

world(prenominal)ist Political Economy Essay outside(a) fiscal bloodline (IMF) is an transnational system of rules composed currently with around 184 member countries representing almost all the nations in the world with an elision of a few. later the failure of Breton woods it came as a substitute of a regulatory monetary authority. The face oversees the global fiscal system by implementing macro frugals indemnity and financial policies aimed at stabilizing the sparings the member nations. The organization was formed with an objective of stabilizing world-wide monetary rates and enhancing stinting maturement among the member states. Similarly world(prenominal) Monetary bloodline offers leveraged brings to evolution countries to raise up their economic evolution and development. At an extent IMF military services in promoting expansion, and balanced gain of international trade through co-operation with other(a) bodies handle World Trade Organization and W orld Bank. The organization in addition succors in maturation a tripartite system for payment of current transactions. Despite the positive attri butes from the organization it has come under severe besiege from many experts and organization because of some of their inefficiency of their policies and their in goodness to the tar makeed programs.Some of the policies used by the organization in try to address the economic imbalances in developing nations fetch been ineffective as they have caused adverse effectuate to the member countries especially third world countries. In authorized extent the organization has been used as a tool by the developed nations to propagate political interests of their masters through giving discover conditional loans to poor nations and proposing for poor policy changes. The paper analyzes the theatrical roles of IMF and its policies and the effectiveness of those policies.Although other policies have used by the organization had positive resu lts others technically contributed to economic underdevelopment in most poor nations. Roles of International Monetary depot International monetary fund plays various significant roles in the global economy International monetary fund was established to serving member countries reform their economies by providing guidance and monitoring economic development in those nations. IMF is also engaged in ensuring there atomic number 18 sound financial policies formulated and utilise by the member states.Through extensive research and analysis the organization comes along with proposition which help in developing effective financial policies in tandem with argonas existing policies. hale financial policies proposed by the organization ar meant to streng past the financial system of the global markets and member countries. An effective financial system promotes economic growth and reduction of poverty by mobilizing savings and allocating them to productive uses (World Bank, 2004, p. 72). International monetary fund provides three types of direction to member countries.That is bilaterally symmetrical supervision, regional surveillance, and five-sided surveillance. Bilateral surveillance broadly involves discussions between international monetary fund, and the member country (Axel 2006, p 769-788). To begin the discussions in bilateral surveillance, IMF technocrats usually visit the member nation to collect information, and hold discussions with government officials in that country so as to gather tolerable information about the area. Apart from government officials, IMF experts also hold discussions with other members in the country such as labor unions and officials from the private sector and civil society.This is to gain more than knowledge on the economic status of the country, and assess opportunities and potential threats. After the mission, the IMF staff holds meeting with the regimen to inform them on the findings obtained, risks and outlook. B ilateral surveillance helps identify risks to financial stability and international monetary fund in the member country. IMF uses bilateral surveillance to provide advice to member countries on the need to adjust certain policies. Bilateral surveillance helps IMF accompaniment multilateral surveillance. Multilateral surveillance is of the essence(p) as it helps IMF strengthening its surveillance efforts.It helps IMF detect systemic risks and increase awareness of the risks in member countries. It also helps identify interdependencies in the international economy. Multilateral surveillance helps IMF identify developments in the global economy. It also helps the organization evaluate financial markets, and the outlook. Moreover, multilateral surveillance helps IMF identify changes to policy, and also effects caused by policies on member countries. IMF is working hard to upraise global discussions of economic connections among countries. This is to break international trade among t he countries (Axel 2006, p 769-788). IMF provides regional surveillance to member countries.regional surveillance helps IMF monitor regional developments, and policies used by supra national authorities. Regional surveillance helps complement bilateral surveillance as it provides information from more than one country. Regional surveillance is big for members of currency unions. This is because policies in important areas of IMF are influenced at regional level. In regional monitoring, discussions with country officials are carried out, and the report is represented separately.Formal procedures are used to conduct surveillance and evaluation over the monetary, and shift rate policies of European nations. International monetary fund has strengthened its policies on monitoring measures so as to help eliminate concerns like vulnerability to balance of payment. These measures help in eliminating external sustainability and currency crisis in many countries and these are some of conce rns that have affected many countries. IMF has developed several initiatives to help change the effectiveness of bilateral trade. For example, the organization has established external vulnerability assessment.It has also developed initiatives to strengthen surveillance in the financial sector. The initiatives used to provide surveillance in the financial sector include a financial sector assessment program, and prohibition of wastage of money. Other measures include prevention of terrorism financing, and assessment of inshore financial centre. IMF has also adopted other initiatives to help in improving its efforts. The organization has purifyd information preparedness to IMF, and also analyzing surveillance systems in member countries (Axel 2006, p 769-788). IMF helps in ensuring monetary policy in member countries are utilized effectively so as to prevent inflation (Axel 2006, p 769-788).International Monetary fund intervenes in trying to stabilize the substitute rate among member states. After the discover of the Breton woods the main aim was to regulate the exchange rate of nations in order to avoid financial and economic imbalances IMF in this instance developed policies meant to help stabilize the exchange rate between countries. mostly the organization favors a floating exchange rate and constant evaluates monitors and give recommendation on the remove exchange rate policies.At the same time IMF tries to develop monetary and exchange rate policy proposals in line with the individual countries policies. Exchange rate is critical in determination of a countrys monetary and trade policies. Monetary policy is used by monetary authorities to determine and regulate the circulation of money in the economy thus directly influencing the financial and economic measures to be taken. stopping point of interest rates comes from the monetary policies decision taken. Adjustment of the interest rates either by overweight or increasing influence the pattern of the economic growth.Lower interest rates tend to stimulate economic growth and development. In this case monetary policy helps in enhancing economic growth, and stability in a country. IMF gives advices to countries on how to use monetary policy appropriately. Monetary policy is also used to prevent inflation in a country by raising interest rates. Monetary policy is important to member countries as it helps in improving economic status of the countries, and also enhancing development in the country. Countries with pegged exchange rates tend to unfairly compete with others in trade. A nonher role of International Monetary Fund is provision of loans to member countries.The organization provides loans to member countries experiencing balance of payment problems and economic difficulties. The loans provided by IMF are important to member countries as they help countries improve their international reserves, and pay for import (Axel 2006, p 769-788). The fund also helps countries sta bilize currencies, and improve economic situations in the country so as to enhance economic growth in the country by adjusting policies to temper underlying problems.Funds provided by IMF help member countries improve national policies in the countries so as to eliminate problems. This is through restructuring of existing policies or creating new policies. IMF does non provide loans for specific projects in member countries. Member countries are encourage to take in from IMF if they have no enough funds to finance projects so as to meet their international payments. That is if the country cannot find enough financing to meet its net international payments and maintaining international buffer.IMF provides loans to member countries having financial problems so as to correct policies in the country, and carry out reforms. Countries are encouraged to use funds from IMF to adjust economic policies in the country so as to catch up with economic crisis. This is important as it helps c ountries correct their financial balance, and improve conditions in the country. The funds enable countries to continue paying for imports, improve their international reserves and stabilize currencies. A member country has to survey the right lending process provided by IMF so as to get loans.IMF loans are provided under an agreement between the country, and IMF. The country provides enough reasons as to why it needs the money, and then economic program is established after the agreement. The program is established by country and IMF and presented to the right people. After the arrangement is approved then, IMF releases the funds in installments as the country continues to implement the program (Axel 2006, p 769-788). International monetary fund has established facilities that are customized to address specific situations of its member countries.Developing countries use different facilities from developed countries to access IMF loans. Low income countries use extended credit fac ility, and other facilities to borrow loans from IMF. These facilities allow countries to borrow on concession terms. Countries can access non- concessional loans via stand by arrangements, and other facilities that offer such loans. The organization provides emergency assistance to member countries to help them recover from natural disasters and conflicts (Axel 2006, p 769-788). Effectiveness of IMF PoliciesIMF uses various policies to help member countries improve their situations in the country, enhance economic growth, and financial stability. The policies include structural valuation reserve policies, financial crisis policies, and poverty reduction policies. Most people have criticized IMF policies for their ineffectiveness. This is because the policies implemented by International monetary organization have worsened economic conditions in member countries rather than improving the prevailing situations. The main role of IMF is to improve economic and financial stability in m ember countries using the policies named above.So far the IMF policies have not helped eliminate economic crisis in many countries and instead it has been contrary to expectations. The policies have affected developing countries more than developed countries as these countries depend on funds and advice from IMF to improve their economic status. (Robert and Jong-Wha 2002, p 1245-1269). structural adjustment Policy is a shift of policies implemented by member nations mostly poor nations towards those guided and advised by IMF for purposes of qualifying to get financial and economic assistance.Structural adjustment policies have been criticized by scholars and experts as they have been seen as instruments of accelerating poverty and underdevelopment. Political shifts and regime reforms are ever expected from the member nations expecting to benefit from the IMF. Most often the policies are in line with the system of governance of the developed nations (custodians of the IMF) which a re deemed to be effective and efficient. Free trade and market liberalization is always encouraged by the IMF.Structural policies force countries to slash government spending and encourage privatization which also open up countries to exploitation by foreign investors. Structural adjustment policies have increased the level of poverty in many countries by causing many workers to loose jobs and reduction in income for workers due to free markets as most enterprises are sold to foreign investors who implement effective measures. The policies have given debt payment and economic development priority compared to pedagogics and health services.IMF has encouraged developing countries to lower living conditions of their citizens. This has affected provision of services in developing countries much. The policies have lead to shortage of the work force in developing countries as most companies, and health centers cannot afford to hire enough personnel (Ngaire 2002, p 83-100). IMF lending po licies are condemned because of the conditionality associated with the policy. IMF forces member countries to adjust economic policies so as to overcome problems that led the countries to borrow funds from IMF.The international monetary lending policies are used to provide loans to member countries. The funds help member countries improve their economic status. International monetary lending policies do not serve member countries well. The policies are not flexible, and countries do not get enough money. The conditionality help IMF know if the country is able to repay the loan given. Developing countries do not get enough loans to finance projects in the country. Shortage of funds in developing countries hinders economic growth and increases poverty.The policy force developing countries cut their spending so as to have enough funds for development projects. The policies are not flexible enough to help developing countries get enough funds. In addition, the funds provided by internat ional monetary fund are not enough to help countries eliminate problems. This prevents control of disasters and crisis in the country (Bird and Rowlands 2002, p 173-186). Conclusion The roles of IMF are actually significant and critical in ensuring the stability and economic development of not only the member nations but the entire world in general.However Economic policies implemented by International monetary are not effective as they cause stifle economic growth. The economic policies are made to help developing countries improve economic growth, but they encourage economic stagnation. This is because developing countries cut spending in other sectors to get enough funds. Member countries have to cut spending on health sector, the education sector so as to get funds to adjust economic policies in the country. IMF encourages member countries to follow conditions established be fore accessing loans.The member countries are required to adjust policies in the country to overcome pro blems that have caused economic crisis in the country. This forces countries to concentrate on adjusting economic policies, but not development projects in those countries. This affects provision of crucial services in health care sectors and education. They also lead to lack of troth in developing countries. This leads to poor economic growth in developing countries (Axel 2004, p 445-464).

The impact of the Media on Teen Girls Body Image Essay Example for Free

The impact of the Media on Teen Girls Body Image EssayCosmetic makers impart al airs sold (hope in a jar)- creams and potions that promise youth, beauty, awake appeal, and even love for the wo manpower who use them (Postrel 125). Magazines ar filled with digitally transformed run acrosss of models with amazing bodies, flawless skin and arrant(a)ly styled bull. Television advertisers push their products victimisation the or so attractive people with the perfect bodies.Television enters such as October Road and movies like men or Shoes portray images of sexy, gorgeous woman who devour it all the handsome boyfriend or husband, the great job and amazing friends, while the chubby, not so attractive friend is ordinarily in that respect simply for comic relief. Also shows like the Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency on the Oxygen Network, is another perfect example of media influencing teen girls negatively. On this particular show she holds auditions for aspiring models to come before her and audition in order to gain representation by her Modeling Agency.Instead nigh 97% of these late girls be harassed and ridiculed on National TV. On this show there is no such cut downg as constructive criticism or putting it nicely. She points out every flaw, every physical feature that she feels need to be fixed with plastic surgery or dieting. She even has gone so far as to saying I pull up stakes never accept a plus coat model into this execution (Rotchford 72). She has been known to call girls loathsome and send many on occasion crying and running for the door.Her show is rated number 1 on the Oxygen Network (Rotchford 72). This kind of message is sending young girls the outcome that in order to be lovely like a model and be accepted by society that you have to have a flawless slip and thin perfect body and at any cost necessary. The music industry has fol petty(a)ed this pattern as well. Music videos (especially of the Hip-Hop category) atomic nu mber 18 usually filled with woman wearing next to vigor, dancing erotically, and having their body parts zoomed in on by the cameras.This kind of music is extremely favourite in younger generations, so when these music videos ar universe seen by them, then these scenes are going to be viewed as being cool as well. Girls get out think that that is the type of look I need to have in order to be popular and cool. Teenagers are conditioned to believe that advertisements and media reflect the world. Throughout time the ideal of beauty has differed. During the Renaissance, a beautiful woman was more full figured and pale skinned. This reflected her station of rank in society (Eco 212).Her size indicated she had enough to eat and her pale skin showed she did not have to work to sustain a living. During the 1920s, the image of beauty changed. Woman wore their hair bobbed, had slender figures and preferred to have smaller breasts. The 1950s brought more changes with the foundation of i cons like Marilyn Monroe (Eco 306). Women asked to be full figured, very curvy with platinum hair and plenty of sex appeal. As times changed and societys ideals of beauty changed, one thing remained the same, the pursuit of beauty and perfection. The most obvious victim of the media stereotyping is young girls.Unrealistic images of beauty and perfection bombard these girls through television, magazines and movies. A say was performed to examine the effects of exposure of the media ideals of body image on women, and to determine if it would affect their self-esteem, body satisfaction, receive eating disorder symptoms, and maybe change the level of internalization of the thin ideal. Women in the experimental collection reported reduce self-esteem after being exposed to the thin-ideal images compared to the women who viewed neutral images (Hawkins, Granley, Richards, and Stein 44).Moreover, in some cases, feelings of body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem may lead adolescents se eking self-improvement to increase their media consumptionresulting in a vicious circle of media exposure, internalization of sociocultural ideals, social comparison with unrealistic images, and further corrosion of body satisfaction and self-esteem. Indeed one 13 year old girl in the real study commented that magazines are going to exploit the fact that teenagers are often unhappy with themselves (Clay, Vignoles and Dittmar 473). The media dictates what is considered fashionable, the popular hair styles or trends.Images of thin, leggy models in short skirts, shorts and tiny swimsuits having fun, flirting and getting attention from men visually show what is considered to be beautiful. If a girl does not fit into the mold, she may begin to have self-doubt, or body satisfaction issues. Idealized images are an influential source of pressure to meet the thin idea (Monro and Huon 89). Society is obsessed with perfection. It is evident in the number of women choosing to undergo cosmetic surgery in the attempt to attain the perfect body, nose, figure and smile.We found that girls who engage in more appearance-related discussions and imitation of others had lower appearance satisfaction (Dohnt and Tiggean 9). We found that girls who watched television shows with an appearance emphasis, such as Friends or Rage, we less conform to with their appearance. Shows such as soap operas and music television slips that present women as thing attractive, and sometimes provokingly dressed, have also been correlated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents (Dohnt and Tiggean 10).Advertisement Agencies have been questioned about why they only advertise their products with a certain types of models. The answer from each agency was usually more or less everlastingly the same each time. Sexy sells and everyone wants to be beautiful, so we sell our products to the world using beautiful people. This shows the population that beauty is within their grasp and tha t they too can obtain it (Monroe 160). Janice Dickinson who is also in the media has utter that she says no to plus size models in her agency (Rotchford 72).We live in America, arent we allowed to do what we want with our own businesses? I own this agency if I dont want fat ugly models representing it then thats my right (Rotchford 70). Miss Dickinson has a point, but she fails to realize what her actions and her show is reflecting on to young girls. Young girls live in an appearance-focused society, where images of perfection are broadcast in every form of media. Girls are developing low self-esteem, eating disorders, and are striving to obtain perfection and acceptance.And the kind of media that we have is doing nothing but fueling this fire that has been burning rapidly for a long time. If young girls are not offered a more realist image of beauty, they will continue to be dissatisfied with their appearance and suffer from low self-esteem. There have been some developments recen tly to try and change this pattern. In the past few years marketers at Dove have added some new-fangled and improved enticements (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 125). The new campaign declares that every woman is beautiful and ignoring imperfections indicates self-esteem.Oprah covered the story, and so did the Today show. Doves campaign, wrote advert Age, undermines the basic proposition of decades of beauty-care advertising by telling womenand young girlstheyre beautiful just the way they are (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 125). Imagine, a beauty-care company selling their products not by entice young girls with unrealistic images of women who achieved perfection by using their products, but by showing women and young girls they are beautiful to being with and can accentuate their beauty by using their products.Dove expanded the explanation of beauty without losing the concept. This was a novel approach that seems to be catching on. Every girl deserves to feel bea utiful, smart, serious and secure. Another Dove campaign focuses on young girls insecurities about their appearance. Every girl deserves to feel superb about herself and see how beautiful she really is (The Atlantic, The Truth About Beauty 127). Television shows are start to follow in the same example as the Dove campaign.One such show is unworthy Betty, which is about a young woman from Queens who doesnt fit the standard media beauty and whole kit and boodle for a fashion magazine where everyone is image obsessed. Instead of conforming to the standards of her co-workers, Betty maintains her integrity and shows that being a kind, smart, and sympathize with person is what makes you truly beautiful. As time passes, people begin to see that Bettys beauty does not lie in her physical appearance but in her spirit and compassion.If images like this continue, more girls will begin to see that their own inner strength, self-assuredness, and integrity are more beautiful than the images that you see dabbled across any fashion magazine or TV show. These are real qualities that any girl can obtain. Society is always going to have its own opinion of what beauty is. And this will always be perpetuated through media. If we start recognizing the impact that the media has on the self-esteem of young girls, and instead present strong, confident, and up to(p) women achieving their goals, then young girls will being to believe that the image of beauty has a new facetheirs.

Essay on Psychopathology and Abnormal Psychology Essay Example for Free

Essay on Psychopathology and Abnormal Psychology Essay whizz of the most controersial aspects of high society throughout history loafer be seen in the way society views people with illnesses. Often time, people persecute their fellowmen just because they do not seem normal or they seem to not belong with the current society. These problems have led to the development of a branch of psychological science which aimed to look at the causes and other related information that formed these psychical illnesses. This branch of psychology came to be known as freakish psychology. Abnormal psychology is that segment of the survey which studies mental illnesses and supernormal behaviour.The field covers problems such as depression, obsession, and even sexual deviation. The field also traced the symptoms, etiology, effects, and how these illnesses are maintained. Before we study abnormal psychology though, we must first look into what people see as abnormal. Historic totallyy, many of the earliest civilizations prop mental disorders and illnesses as manifestations of evil spirits some even have practices which remove parts of the skull victimisation primitive tools as a means of releasing these evil spirits.As time progressed though, people such as priests, shamans, and witch doctors have been employed to supposedly rid these individuals of the malicious spirits which inhabit their bodies. During the times of the Greeks and the Romans, diagnosing and identifying mental illnesses have become more scientific. However, during this period, mystical and supernatural explanations still prevail over the ideas of modern science. One example is Homer, according to him, mental illnesses are caused by God, taking away the minds of the victims.It is not until Hippocrates wrote numerous accounts, journals, essays, papers and other scholarly work that made the study more scientific. In his papers, Hippocrates wrote rough things such as psychosis, mania, phobias, and para noia. His theory, however, still is flawed because he attributed the illnesses to four fluids in the human body forbidding and yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. During the middle ages, more horrifying and disturbing accounts were given, fit in to studies, during this period, people with mental illnesses were classified as witches, and they were hunted so as to rid them of the physical world.It was further justified by the writing of the pounding Malifacarum (Withcs Hammer) in 1486. In 1563, a person by the name of Jahann Weyer wrote a book called De Praestigiis Daemonum (The hypocrisy of Demons). The book discredited the beliefs that demons were the culprits in mental illnesses and instead brought out the point that natural causes may and so result in abnormal behavior. He also looked at the possibility of the use of drugs as sparks which caused these give tongue to disorders. With his work, the study of mental abnormalities became more humanitarian and started to look for treat ment, rather than damnation, for its victims.In 1769, Benjamin Rush, a professors of interpersonal chemistry and medicinal drug at the college of Philadelphia became the father of American psychiatry. He instituted reform by putting into action some(prenominal) changes such as better ventilation, separation and classification of violent and non-violent patients, and created programs for recreation catering to the patients who suffer from mental illness. By 1880, Dorthea Dix, a schoolteacher from Boston started a campaign which led to the opening of 32 psychiatrical hospitals which prioritized the poor and the needy.Several other prominent people paved the way for the contemporary notion of psychopathology. Emil Kraeplin was the wiz who introduced to society different classifications of mental disorders. This led the way to a closer relationship between medicine and psychiatry. The classification focused on two important groups the praecox or what is no known as the schizophreni cs, and the insane psychopaths. He believed that these illnesses were caused by chemical imbalance and irregularities in other aspects of the person such as whizzs metabolism.Another important person which careed develop the field of study was Clifford Beers. Beers himself suffered a mental sectionalisation but was able to overcome it. Upon his recovery, he wrote a book which he titled A sense That Found Itself. Beers and his book were responsible for the foundation of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, a branch of disposal which worked to prevent illnesses as well as make sure that any treatment conducted is classified as humane. Today, abnormal psychology focuses on the 4 Ds, these are distress, dysfunction, deviance, and danger.One should note though, that these 4 ds are seen as judgments, not objective behavior. First of all is dysfunction. Dysfunction is defined as a difficult or abnormal function. In psychology, one of the most popular diseases caused by a dysfun ction of the brain is schizophrenia. This disorder is caused by enlarged ventricles, reduced blood flow to the frontal lobe, and an intemperance of dopamine. Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that is characterized by people who talk to themselves, yell at person else which seem imaginary, and other symptoms.Another aspect of the psychopathology is distress. Distress in psychology can persist to numerous diseases, most popular of which are anorexia and bulimia. Often times, people who develop these conditions see it as a way of coping with negative emotions or painful feelings. Traumatic events in a persons life may also trigger disorders in eating. Danger results in one of the most lose psychological disorder in an individual. Often times, notions of fear will develop into anxiety. Anxiety, unlike normal fear, can be characterized by four inherent characteristics.First of all, it is defined by a specific buns secondly, anxiety is experienced in response to the target of fear third, the target feared by the individual is avoided and eventually anxiety tends to be more chronic. One of the most interesting in the 4 ds is deviance. We might see something as deviant behavior, but we do not know is that this deviant behavior for us is the deviants normal function. This is why this is the most blurred classification out of all of the things that we characterize as abnormal.From here, there are triad important viewpoints which look at mental disorders and their causes. These three models are the biological, psychosocial, and the socio-cultural models. First of all, the biological model looks at the brain as the cause of the abnormal behavior. According to proponents of this model, mental disorders are caused by the different chemical imbalances in the brain, and as such, leads to the difference in a persons behavior. The socio-cultural approaching looks at the role that society plays with regards to human behavior.According to its proponents, society and ga rdening play a major role in determining if an individual will be labeled as mentally ill or has a mental disorder. Often times, this is where social deviance is seen this is collect to the idea that one is deviant for a culture may be the norms of the other. Finally, the psychosocial approach looks at underlying influences which are often times unconscious. This approach looks at the childhood and past experiences of the victim. Proponents of this approach are Sigmund Freud and Josef Brener.The approach theorizes that the disorder occurs when the individual becomes fixated to the stage wherein the negative experience has occurred. Looking at these evolutions in the field of abnormal psychology, it becomes positive enough that the approach, which was more of spiritual during earlier times, transforms itself into a more rational field of study. more(prenominal) importantly, these approaches lead us not to discriminate people with these disorders, but rather try to understand them and help them get better. Bibliography Abnormal Psychology.Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http//www. blackwellpublishing. com/intropsych/pdf/chapter15. pdf What is Abnormal Psychology? About. com. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http//psychology. about. com/od/glossaryfromatoz/g/abnormalpsyc. htm Harris, Kevin. story of Abnormal Psychology. History of Psychology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http//www3. niu. edu/acad/psych/Millis/History/mainsheet. htm Bickard, Mark. The Nature of Psychopathology. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from http//www. lehigh. edu/mhb0/psychopath. html