Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Article Analysis - Essay ExampleThe statistics are worrying because one would expect the teachers to take advantage of the computers and internet to ease the attainment process (Keengwe and Onchwari, 210). I, however, think there should be no cause for worry among parents concerning the adverse effects of engineering to their children. Teachers have the responsibility of monitoring how children use engineering to restrict it for educational purposes only.From the research conducted at the summer institute, it is devastating that teachers find it hard infusing instructional responsibilities with technology integration. I fail to understand why they perspective integration and instruction as two different entities. If both support each other in delivering content to the students, teachers should be willing to adopt them (Keengwe and Onchwari, 214-215). I think teachers are intellectuals who can integrate technology into classrooms to engage various learning styles that meet the abilit ies of all learners. I concur with the authors that teachers need technological skills that do not necessarily make them experts (Keengwe and Onchwari, 215-216). Based on the authors recommendations, it is imperative that school administrators move swiftly in installing modern technological tools that aid educational software. Besides, state education officers should not only create technological workshops, but also provide full-time technology experts to schools. The article, therefore, meets the authors goal of stimulating reflections and evaluating the need for technology integration in classrooms and, in particular, early childhood education.Keengwe, Jared, and Grace Onchwari. Technology and Early Childhood Education A Technology Integration Professional victimisation Model for Practicing Teachers.Early Childhood Education Journal37 (2009) 209-18. Web. 2 June

In 2007, the potato chip industry in the Northwest was competitively Research Paper

In 2007, the potato chip constancy in the Northwest was private-enterprise(a)ly structured and in long-run competitive equilibrium firms we - Research Paper ExampleThe lawyers hired a firm to estimate varied long-run competitive equilibriums to ensure the successful operation of their barter (Swanson, 2009). However, the adapted strategies may not be superior and appropriate. Benefits to the government, transaction and consumers A monopoly market occurs when a single company supplies services or products that the buyer cannot substitute. The placement mainly happens when one company supplies commodities cheaply compared to early(a) companies. Most monopoly companies include the utilities that offer electric power, gas or water. Wonks would benefit different stakeholders especially the government, business and consumers based on its monopolistic tendencies. Initially, the company will benefit the government because monopolies act as convenient sources of revenue for the governme nt. The government can force companies come in of the market causing controversy in the marketplace. The administrators at Wonk can force the government to come up with restrictions governing the market rival (Graham, Kaye & Rothstein, 2006). However, other companies in the market can propagate negative publicity that may serve as a barrier to Wonk. As a result, the total revenues of the industry to the government will increase Once the firm started running as a monopoly, it came up with different Long-Run Competitive Equilibriums (Graham, Kaye & Rothstein, 2006). These changes benefitted the industrys stakeholders because they controlled the metre of goods released to the market. Additionally, the industry can control its production, supplies and selling prices to the consumers (Graham, Kaye & Rothstein, 2006). The absence of ambition means that the company could increase prices to cover the cost of production. Consequently, the parties involved will draw special revenues. The consumers will also because Wonk will stipulate prices that the consumers are willing to catch up with. Graham, Kaye & Rothstein (2006) indicate that the consumers will stop purchasing the products when the industry stipulates prices that the consumers are unable to pay for the goods and services. Changes in prices and output in both structures The potato chip industry restructured from the monopolistic competition strategy to strict monopoly. The competitors sell slightly heterogeneous products entirely compete for the same customers based on monopolistic competition (Graham, Kaye & Rothstein, 2006). This strategy presents reduced obstacles in market entry and exit. This means that the company was exposed to threats of competition and market fluctuations in the external market. The reduced market entry barriers had the potential of destabilizing the business if a more preferable competitor enters the market. Through monopolistic competition, the producers were limit from acquir ing the full market information (Graham, Kaye & Rothstein, 2006). This is because the market has inputs from other competitors that influence market fluctuations. Any new input by the competitor affects the demand reduce of other competitors. Consequently, the consumers must determine the price and non-price attributes of the products supplied. The competing producers must select unique traits that attract customers to their products and realize the targeted higher prices (Boyes & Melvin, 2012). Monopolistically competitive markets engage in imperfect competition by focusing on non-price competition aspects such as product

Dog Fighting Essay Example for Free

Dog Fighting EssayFights between two or more savages have always been popular spectacles. Dog fighting is unity of the most in-humane types of animal cruelty out there today unfortunately pit fuzzs have been caught in the wrath of it all. Dog fighting is an animal abhorrence issue. Pit Bulls happen to be the breed most used in leaper fights. But if Pit Bulls did not exist, tail fighting would still walk out place. There is no quenching the blood lust of human kind.Brutality against animals in the form of staged matches or fights between animals or up to now between man and animal is an activity almost as old as man himself it was in existence long before the Pit Bull. memoir The authorized, old-time bulldog was used for all manner of stock-related work, particularly as a catch dog used by the butcher to manage impatient bulls, and by the hunter for help in catching and holding wild boar and other game. The sport of bull baiting became popular in England, having arise n from these operable jobs that the bulldog performed for humans.The modern bulldog breeds descended from these dogs and those re-created through breeding programs include alapaha blue blood bulldog, American bulldog, aussie bulldog, banter bulldogge, English Bulldog, French bulldog, Olde English Bulldogge, Olde capital of Massachusetts Bulldogge, and Victorian Bulldog. All of these breeds have kept close to the original type and traits of the ancient bulldogs, even when adapting to their local living conditions (Luca, 2010).Pit Bulls ar descendants of the original English bull-baiting doga dog that was bred to bite and hold bulls, bears and other astronomical animals around the face and head. Bulldogs were bred to hang on without releasing their grip, until the animal was languid from fighting and from loss of blood. When baiting large animals was banned in the 1800s, people then started to fight their dogs against each other instead (ASPCA, 2013). Treatment. With fighting Pit Bulls, they be raised in an environment that reinforces and maintains fighting behavior.All fighting dogs are conditi onenessd from a very early age to develop what dog-fighters refer to as gameness. The scope and method of training varies dramatically depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. Dogs are run on the treadmills to increase cardiovascular fitness and endurance. Dogs are send on a manmade machine is called a cat mill or jenny also. Jenny Apparatus that looks like a carnival horse pushcart with several beams jetting out from a central rotating pole.The dogs are chained to one beam and another underage animal like a cat, small dog, or rabbit, is harnessed to or hung from another beam. The dogs run in circles, chasing the bait. Once the exercise sessions are over, the dogs are usually rewarded with the bait they had been pursuing (Gibson, 2005). People that so called train pit pulls for fighting will also have a spring hanging down from a pole to which a rope, tire, or animal hide is affixed that the dogs jump to and dangle from for extended periods of time.This strengthens the jaw muscles and back legs. The same effect is achieved with a simpler spring loaded apparatus hanging from tree limbs. A variation of the spring pole is a hanging cage, into which bait animals are placed. The dogs repeatedly lunge up toward the cage (Gibson, 2005). Granted these people theorise they are real dog trainers, they will take care of the dogs health to a certain extent. Dogs are given vitamins, supplements and drugs to condition them for or to incite them to fight.Commonly utilized vitamins, supplements, and drugs include iron/liver extract vitamin B-12 Magnum supplement hormones weight-gain supplements speed steroids and cocaine. The dogs are trained against one another and against older, more undergo dogs. In the early stages of training, the dogs are incited to lunge at each other without touching and shoot in quick, controlled fights cal led rolls or bumps. Once the dogs appear match ready, they are pitted against stronger dogs to test their gameness or tenacity in the face of exhaustion and impending defeat.If the dogs pass the test, they are deemed ready to fight. Types of Dog Fights All across the country, humans abuse dogs in heinous ways. From nonchalant, impromptu street fights to the large-scale organized matches held on a regular schedule at set locations, dog fighting still occurs every day. Most law enforcement experts divide dog fight activity into three categories street fighting, hobbyist fighting and professional activity. Street fighters engage in dog fights that are informal street corner, back alley and playground activities.Stripped of the rules and formality of the traditional pit fight, these are spontaneous events triggered by insults, turf invasions or the simple taunt, My dog can kill yours. Street fights are oftentimes associated with gang activities. The fights may be conducted with mone y, drugs or bragging rights as the primary payoff. There is often no attempt to care for animals injured in the fight (ASPCA, 2013). Some of the dogs are thrown out the car on the side of the road, left to die. Worst case scenario the dogs are killed immediately with a close range shot from a gun to the head. Hobbyist fighters are more organized, with one or more dogs participating in several organized fights a year as a sideline for both entertainment and to attempt to supplement income. They pay more attention to care and breeding of their dogs and are more likely to travel across state lines for event (ASPCA, 2013). Last but not least Professional fighters. Who would even label themselves as a Professional dog fighter? People do Professional dogfighters often have large numbers of animals (as many as 50 or more) and earn money from breeding, selling and fighting dogs at a central location and on the road.They often pay particular attention to promoting established winning bloodli nes and to long-term conditioning of animals. (ASPCA, 2013) Punishment and Prevention Dog fighting, despite its felony status in all 50 states, is still a grave concern to animal advocates. Although the Michael Vick dogfighting case, and his recent release from home detention, have focused the national spotlight on dogfighting cruelties, dogfighting has long been a thriving underground industry across the country in both urban and rural areas (society, 2011).Those who make dog fighting a pit bull issue do the dogs a grave disservice. A new bill in the Senate would outlaw spectators willful attendance at organized animal fights and bring down penalties for bringing a minor to an animal fight. This bill has bipartisan support (society, 2011). The Federal Animal Welfare Act prohibits the interstate transportation of dogs for fighting purposes. A pending federal bill, S. 382, would create the Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2005.The Act would amend the United States Code , making it a crime for any someone to knowingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in an animal fighting venture if any animal in the venture was moved in interstate or distant avocation. Additionally, it would be unlawful for any person to knowingly sell, buy, transport, or deliver, or receive for purposes of transportation, in interstate or foreign commerce, any dog or other animal for purposes of having the dog or other animal participate in an animal fighting venture.Finally, it would be a crime for any person to knowingly use the mail service of the United States Postal Service or any instrumentality of interstate commerce for commercial speech promoting an animal fighting venture except as performed outside the limits of the states of the United States. Penalties for violations of the Act would include a fine, up to two age imprisonment, or both. The Act would repeal any conflicting provisions of the Animal Welfare Act (Gibson, 2005).If a person sees or peculiar dog fighting t hey should not hesitate to report the owner to the authority. Conclusion These dogs are VICTIMS in every sense of the word. Exploited, abused, and tortured for human gain, Pit Bulls are innocent beings caught up in a tragic societal issue. The American pit bull has two powerful enemies the humane groups working for his extinction, and the modern dog fighter who are producing dogs of dubious genetics and characteristics while keeping them in negative headlines.Dogfighting is tremendously widespread and has reached epidemic levels in Americas urban communities. The devastating impact of social, economic and racial injustice in these communities that are exposed to such cruelty to animals. Are just the tip of the ice berg? Americas finest legal minds, political activists and social advocates have painstakingly dissected the culture of poverty in an attempt to understand the disproportionately proud rates of crime, drug use, and social deviance in inner-city communities (Gibson, 2005).

Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks EssayAbstract Better beverage choices gutter help fight and forestall fleshiness and diabetes. Water, of course, is the best beverage option. It delivers allthing the body needspure H2Owith zero calories. scarcely for some tastes, translucent water is just too plainand it may be unrealistic to ask everyone to kick the saccharide-water habit overnight. We must instead work to retrain the American palate away from sweet drinks. caustic our taste for sweetness will require concerted action on several levelsfrom creative food scientists and marketers in the beverage industry, as well as from individual consumers and families, schools and worksites, and state and federal government. Sugary Drinks or Diet Drinks? What the Best Choice? Soft drinks atomic number 18 the beverage of choice for millions of Americans. Some drink them morning, noon, night, and in between. Theyre tasty, available everywhere, and inexpensive. Theyre also a prime source of extra calories that can contribute to weight gain.Once thought of as poverty-stricken refreshment, soft drinks are also coming under scrutiny for their contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Diet soft drinks, obtain with artificial sweeteners, may not be the best alternatives to regular soft drinks. The term soft drink covers a lot of ground. It refers to any beverage with added scribble or other sweetener, and includes soda, fruit punch, lemonade and other ades, sweetened powdered drinks, and sports and energy drinks. In this section of The Nutrition Source, we focus on non-alcoholic sweetened drinks.Drunk every now and then, these beverages wouldnt raise an eyebrow among most nutrition experts, any more than does the occasional candy bar or bowl of ice cream. But few people see them as treats. Instead, we drink rivers of the stuff. According to figures from the beverage industry, soft drink makers produce a staggering 1 0. 4 billion gallons of sweetened soda pop severally year. Thats enough to serve every American a 12-ounce can every day, 365 days a year. The average can of sugar-sweetened soda or fruit punch provides about 150 calories, almost all of them from sugar, usually high-fructose corn syrup.Thats the equivalent of 10 teaspoons of table sugar (sucrose). If you were to drink just one can of a sugar-sweetened soft drink every day, and not cut grit on calories elsewhere, you could gain up to 15 pounds in a year. Soft Drinks and Weight Historians may someday call the period between the early 1980s and 2009 the fattening of America. Between 1985 and now, the proportion of Americans who are overweight or obese has ballooned from 45 percent in the mid-1960s to 66 percent today. (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has an online slide show that shows the spread of obesity in the U.S. )Theres no single ca habituate for this increase instead, there are many contributors. One of them is almost certainly our penchant for extermination our thirst with beverages other than water. Once upon a time, humans got almost all of their calories from what nature put into food. That changed with the advent of cheap sugar, and then cheaper high-fructose corn syrup. High-fructose corn syrup has been fingered as one of the villains in the obesity epidemic, but in fact, table sugar and corn sweeteners likely have the resembling physiological concussion on blood sugar, insulin, and metabolism.Sugar added to food now accounts for nearly 16 percent of the average Americans daily intake. Sweetened soft drinks make up nearly half of that. Dozens of studies have explored possible links between soft drinks and weight. It isnt an easy task, for several reasons (read Sorting Out Studies on Soft Drinks and Weight to learn why). Despite these research challenges, studies consistently show that increased consumption of soft drinks is associated with increased energy intake.In a meta-analy sis of 30 studies in this area, 10 of 12 cross-sectional studies, five of five longitudinal studies, and four of four long-term experimental studies showed this positive association. A different meta-analysis of 88 studies showed that the effect appeared to be stronger in women, studies focusing on sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and studies not funded by the food industry Studies in children and adults have also shown that cutting back on sugary drinks can lead to weight loss. On the surface, it makes sense that the more ounces of sugar-rich soft drink a person has each day, the more calories he or she takes in.Yet that runs counter to what happens with solid foods. People tend to compensate for a bigger than usual meal or for a snack by taking in fewer calories later. Thats how weight stays stable. This compensation doesnt seem to happen with soft drinks. No one knows for sure why this happens, but there are several possibilities Fluids may not be as satiating as solid foods. That me ans they dont provide the same feeling of fullness or satisfaction that solid foods do, which might prompt you to keep eating.The body doesnt seem to register fluid calories as guardedly as it does those from solid food. This would mean they are added on top of calories from the rest of the diet. It is possible that sweet-tasting soft drinksregardless of whether they are sweetened with sugar or a calorie-free sugar substitutemight stimulate the appetite for other sweet, high-carbohydrate foods. Use headings and subheadings to organize the sections of your paper. The first heading level is formatted with initial caps and is centered on the scalawag.Do not start a new varlet for each heading. Subheading Subheadings are formatted with italics and are aligned flush left. Citations Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources. The full source citation will appear in the list of references that follows the body of the paper. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the sentence, the year of the publication appears in parenthesis following the identification of the authors, for congresswoman, Smith (2001).When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the authors and years of publication appear in parentheses, separated by semicolons, for example (Smith and Jones, 2001 Anderson, Charles, Johnson, 2003). When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited once more, the first authors surname and et al. are used. See the example in the following paragraph.Use of this standard APA style will result in a favorable impression on your instructor (Smith, 2001). This was affirmed again in 2003 by Professor Anderson (Anderson, Charles Johnson, 2003). When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. If there are six or more authors to be cited, use the first authors surname and et al. the first and each subsequent time it is cited. When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation.A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. A longer quote of 40 or more words should appear (without quotes) in block format with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. 1 References Anderson, Charles Johnson (2003). The impressive psychology paper. Chicago Lucerne Publishing. Smith, M. (2001). Writing a successful paper. The Trey Research Monthly, 53, 149-150. Entries are create alphabetically by surnames of first authors and are formatted with a hanging indent.Most reference entries have three components Authors Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors . When there are seven or more authors, list the first six and then use et al. for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. Year of Publication In parenthesis following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use n. d. in parenthesis following the authors. Source Reference Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). appendage Each Appendix appears on its own page. Footnotes 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the Publication Manual. Table 1 Type the table textual matter here in italics start a new page for each table Insert table here Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure Figures note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number.

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Grammar Learning on Speaking Ability of Efl Learners Es reciteNowadays, one of the hottest issues in the field of unusual and second language learning or teaching is how to converse fluently in the target language. Generally speaking, most of the EFL learners believe that their knowledge in English is nearly assessed by the way they can interact in the target language. They maintain that their linguistic knowledge and their abilities in other skillsreading, writing, and listeningare non that much important. What is significant is their ability in conversational situations. Of course, this belief belongs to lay and ordinary people.Unfortunately, a majority of EFL teachers and instructors follow this point of view in a broader sense, too. These instructors declare that in learning English EFL learners do not have to be trained from the grammatical point of view. Now, the question is that is it really no family between the grammatical rules and learning to communi cate fluently in a foreign language? The linguistic knowledge in English consists of the ability to discerp and recognize the structural features and components in the language.These abilities are concerned with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic issues. The building blocks of the communication are grammatical points which make the structure of a language. Before jump to speak many factors and components must be formed in a persons mind. First, the sounds should be matched with each other to shape different speech communication. Second, these words need to be united together to form phrases, clauses, and at last sentences through which a particular meaning can be conveyed.Considering these facts, we can say that it is probably impossible to communicate in a foreign language without knowing the grammatical rules and structures of the target language. The focus of this paper is to review the literature in order to find any possible relationships between these two elements in the view of other researchers in this field of study. Also, at the end of this article, the opinions of a throng of Iranian EFL learners will be presented about this issue to clarify the aim of our research better.

Comparing Philosophers Hobbes And Locke Philosophy Essay

Comparing Philosophers Hobbes And Locke Philosophy EssaySocial bless is an essential principle applied in roughly societies in the world. Many nations give elected governwork forcets which are tasked with maintaining rule of law. Sovereignty of countries is therefore given to governments in substitution of maintaining order. Social contract therefore radiation patterns the legitimacy of governments since they require consent from the governed spate in order to be considered legitimate. This is seen as important principle which encourages individual and kind order. close to of the some important philosophers who succeedd arguments for social contract admit Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau. They however held different sights on social contract with Locke supporting liberal monarchy and Hobbes supporting potentate monarchy.Their arguments have set the framework for development of theories much(prenominal) as liberal democracy, constitutional monarchy, republicanism and others. Their theories have also been implemented in many democracies across the world. This paper go out evaluate Lockes and Hobbes arguments on social contract with limited focus on the differences in their approach to the topic. The paper ordain then take one viewpoint from among the ii discussed and explain why it is superior to the other. The discussed issues will be summarized at the end.Hobbes view of social contractHobbes was of the opinion that authoritarian monarchy is the most effective socio-economic split of social order in society. In this form of organization, the passel submit to the authority or lead. Hobbes back up leading where exclusive power was given to leaders or a semi semipolitical class (Adams 2003). This form of leadership has several characteristics which include the concentration of power among leaders and the use of strategies such as exclusion of challengers and political repression to maintain authority. In this form of leadership, Hobbes was of the view that mass organizations and political parties are effective in mobilizing the population around the goals of a political system. He supported this political system since he viewed men as equal and therefore preventing conflict amongst them was impossible. Man fought for basic necessities and material possession which would ultimately lead to social collapse. The authoritarian monarchy was viewed as most effective in stemming this chaos in society. Hobbes supported monarchy since it was difficult for monarchs to disagree with themselves.However, this system of governance features unpopular leadership strategies such as rigging of elections, making of political decisions by the minority as well as presence of bureaucracy. Leaders are appointed by the political class without participation of citizens and there is unregulated and informal use of power. This system also features intolerance for the opposition and deprivation of civil liberties. In order to control political powe r, the military is often utilise in states which exercise authoritarian forms of power. Social control is maintained by regulating the civil society and establishing allegiance through use of socialization processes. These forms of leadership are usually weakened by poor performance of the political class with regards to peoples needs. Many collapse due to revolution by the population against leadership. During the crisp War, the USSR governance system is an example of the authoritarian rule in society. Currently, countries such as Chad and North Korea adhere to this governance system.Lockes view of social contractLocke supported liberal monarchy which supports equal rights and impropriety in governance. This leadership structure supports liberal democracy, constitutions, humanity rights, free elections, free trade, capitalist economy and religious freedom (Arnold 2006). It is also know as constitutional monarchy. In this political system, a monarch acts as head of state and der ives power from the constitution. In many liberal monarchies, parliamentary systems are applied and these serve the purpose of checking excesses by the executive. In the past, liberal monarchy co-existed with quasi-fascist, fascist or military dictatorship. Liberal monarchy systems believe in going to war in cases of aggression although use of unilateral force is not supported as it encourages cycles of violence. Locke believed that liberal monarchy would best protect private property and encourage liberty two of the most important amenities enjoyed by humans (Locke 2003). He viewed the human nature as organism driven by self preservation and extract instincts, which made it necessary to have a supreme power in order to maintain social order. The social contract between people being governed and the sovereign authority achieved this objective.There are various weaknesses which are associated with the liberal monarchy governance system. The first is that although representatives are elected, these are few individuals who build up decisions on behalf of the consentaneous system. In essence, power is therefore held by few individuals who have a similar ability to misuse it as is seen in the authoritative governance system. Some critics, especially those who have Marxist roots, argue that this governance system is controlled by the rich as opposed to the majority. It is therefore not representative as it is class based. The rich have the power and resources to ensure they are elected into power, which defeats the objectives of the system. In such systems, religious and ethnic conflicts are also often seen and this is viewed as a weakness of the system. In authoritarian rule, the government would stem such conflicts and restore social order. Finally, these governance systems are seen to focus on short confines objectives as opposed to long term ones. Since the election of government is held regularly, legislators focus on short term goals which would make them popular with the electorate as opposed to long term ones which may not be visible within short term durations. Current liberal monarchies include Bahrain, Bahamas, Australia, Denmark, Canada, Cambodia, Lesotho, Monaco, Malaysia, Norway, Sweden, UK, Thailand and others.Differences between Hobbes and Lockes approach to social contract systemA major difference between Hobbes and Lockes views on social contract is that Hobbes believes in authoritarian rule where the political power yields absolute power eyepatch Locke believes in the power of democracy, rule of law and respect for human rights (Hegel 2001). Locke believed in protecting private property and liberty while Hobbes believed that human beings were incapable of animate without conflict unless an authoritarian authority restored order. Another difference between these theories is that Locke views society as possessing power to extirpate governments. Locke viewed society as creators of the government which gave them power t o overthrow it. However, Hobbes views the government as a powerful monarch which the people cannot overthrow. Locke is of the opinion that abolishing a government and replacing it with another as upholding the social contract.Unlike Hobbes who viewed the human nature as driven to fight for basic necessities and material possession which would ultimately lead to social collapse, Locke believed that God had created human beings with wisdom which could prevent their sordid nature from taking over. Locke also believed that the social contract between the authoritative monarch and the people would not be fair as two distinctive groups would emerge property owners and the poor. The poor would then have different contracts from the rich and they would suffer under this rule.Personal opinion on the best social contract approachI believe that Lockes social contract approach is the most effective in maintaining social order in society. Liberal monarchy advocates for equal rights and liberty in governance. This leadership structure supports liberal democracy, constitutions, human rights, free elections, free trade, capitalism and religious freedom. There are several evidences which I will advance for support of Lockes liberal monarchy political system and these arguments will be contrasted against Hobbes theories to prove that the latter is inferior in achieving stable political and social unit.The first reason for support of Lockes approach is political and economic stability. Many countries across the world have enjoyed economic and political stability from democracy over centuries. In fact, most countries of the world follow a structure similar to liberal monarchy which supports equal rights and democratic election of government officials. These countries have enjoyed stability since they make decisions based on the rule of the majority. Democracy is followed in making political decisions and the people participate in political systems through the officials they e lect. Due to this, most people support democratic regimes since they stand for what the majority advocates for. However, countries which have followed Hobbes authoritative leadership styles have experienced conflicts and revolutions. This is due to the reason that the leadership goals are not in line with what the people stand for. The fact that oppression and intolerance for opposition strategies are used also reduces public confidence in the political class. Governments which have been overthrown as a result of using this system include Tunisia, USSR, Uganda, Cuba, Germany, France and others.. Another reason why I support Lockes social contract approach is that it upholds human rights. Human rights are the basic freedoms which people enjoy. Some of the rights upheld by this system include the right to own property, right to religious freedom, right of expression and others. Locke supports safeguarding of rights according to the constitution. He advocates for guard of property and justice. However, Hobbes vests power in a few people who make all political decisions. These people in power hold the rights of the society and they make unilateral decisions of what is acceptable or not. This can be seen to be infringement of human rights which everyone should have access to. This makes Hobbes leadership approach unacceptable in the recent society.Finally, history has proven that countries which have practiced Lockes approach have prospered while those which have applied Hobbes approach have collapsed in the long run. Many revolutions such as the French revolution and Cuban revolution as well as the collapse of countries such as the USSR can be attributed to the use of Hobbes authoritarian monarchy leadership system. Current revolutions against countries such as Tunisia and Egypt can also be traced to the use of a similar approach. On the other hand, economically and politically stable countries in the modern world such as UK, US and others have applied the democ ratic governance system. This shows that Lockes approach is more effective in maintaining social order than Hobbes approach.Summary and conclusionSocial contract has been discussed to be a form of gaining government legitimacy through giving governments sovereignty in exchange for maintaining order. Locke and Hobbes are important philosophers who analyzed social contract theories. However, their approaches were different with Locke supporting liberal monarchy and Hobbes supporting authoritarian monarchy. Both approaches have weaknesses and strengths which have been discussed in the paper. The most effective approach to apply in leadership especially in the modern world is Lockes approach which supports liberal democracy, constitutions, human rights, free elections, free trade, capitalism and religious freedom. This approach is consistent with the needs of several societies and it has been successfully implemented in many states. Hobbes approach has failed in several countries due to revolution against the political class which practices authoritarian rule.It is important for leaders to embrace leadership which supports respect for human rights, democracy and protection of property. History has proven that this is the most effective leadership style. Leaders who have failed to embrace democracy have faced revolutions and the current ones in Tunisia and Egypt can be traced to the weaknesses in Hobbes leadership style. When leaders impose their will on the people, there is likely to be resistance since the majority will not have their way. Although strategies such as repression work in the short term, lastly the people lose faith in leadership and a revolution is born. Leaders should therefore follow Lockes liberal monarchy political system and embrace democracy. at once democracy is embraced, human rights protected and the constitution is adhered to, the leadership gains support from the people. This ensures that order is maintained within states and that peopl e live in harmony and peace.

Tasks on Strategic Change Management

Tasks on Strategic Change focal pointHarold (2008) opines that the hyaloplasm organization is an attempt to combine the advantages of the pure functional bodily structure and the product organizational structure. This form is identic on the wholey suited for the companies such as construction companies that argon project-driven. In the intercellular substance organizations the structure is distinguishable in which the project manager directly reports to the debility death chair and the general manager.The project manager is responsible for the whole lick and stopping point qualification in the project and at the end or at any m the manager needs to report and so the report goes directly towards the vice president and the general manager. In this baby-sit the decision making in the company is very fast and easy by the project manager. In this model individually centre be pay backs the potential profit centre in which the project manger is the in-charge of the project an d decision making. common (2007) states in that respect be some merits and demerits of the matrix organization. The advantages of the matrix organizations are these. The comprise of the project is minimised in the matrix organizations and similarly at that place are less chances of the conflicts between the employees. There is the i encompass balance in the time, cost and performance. There is besides the sharing of authority and responsibilities and al last the stress is divided in the team so no one is over emphasize and given over burden to do something alone. So the matrix organizations are makeive in these aspects.There are also some demerits of the matrix organizations ilk this model is not suitable for all the organizations specially the small organizations. The whole responsibility of the advantage or failure comes to the manager nor anyone else because of the decision making through with(p) by the manager not by others. The team which leads the project takes th e whole credit which is against the common appraisals and equality in the organization.TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODELTimothy (2000) opines that transformational leading bearing is the ideal means of the leadinghip which motivates and uplifts the morale of the employees to lap up with the dedication and eagerness to get along the puzzleth of the organization. If the people or employees are less telling and used to be controlled by someone who does not have the commitment within themselves, in this postal service, the leader with the transforming accomplishments can encourage the employees and change the demeanours of the employees to work potently and become to a greater extent than productive and goodlyly for the organization.This model facilitates to transform other in such a way that the organization gets the advantage from the employees in a maximum quantity. Transformational leaders is ideal only when in the bureaucratic organizations which are agree to Ke hoe (2007) which states that the ashes is so long in the bureaucratic system that the cultivation is sometimes distorted and employees blame the organization for any mishaps in the company and the unity is damaged all the time.There are some aspects in the transformational and bureaucratic organization which are just the opposite, so the simple answer is this that the transformational is more effective as compared to the bureaucratic in decision making.TASK 1.2EVALUATE THE relevancy OF MODELS OF STRATEGIC transport TO ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CURRENT ECONOMYThe models for the change which are discussed in the above paragraphs are very effective and important. Leban (2008) opines that the in the matrix organizations the structure is various in which the project manager directly reports to the vice president and the general manager. The project manager is responsible for the whole process and decision making in the project and at the end or at any time the manager needs to report the refore the report goes directly towards the vice president and the general manager.In this model the decision making in the company is very fast and easy by the project manager. This model is good in harm of decision making because the project manager is the in-charge of the project and he is not asking anyone if the decision is urgent and for the exposement of the organization. In the matrix organizations the credit is all for the team leading the project. This is the demerit of the matrix organizational model.In the transformational leadership model the model says the flexibility in the organization. There are no rigid rules and regulations like the bureaucratic organizations the environment is very delightful and good because of the good leadership who cares for the employees. Kotter and Cohen (2002) states that the system is so long in the bureaucratic system that the information is sometimes distorted and employees blame the organization for any mishaps in the company and the unity is damaged all the time. There are so many delays are also there in this system so the transformational model is the best and the need on the companies.TASK 1.3ASSESS THE VALUE OF victimisation STRATEGIC INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIZATIONSSITUATIONAL THEORY AND CONTINGENCY THEORYAccording to this theory, leaders everywhere behave in the certain manner and that manner of all time depends upon the situation of the time in the organization. Senior (2001) states there can be several situations in which there might be possible leadership behaviours but these behaviours depend on the situation of that particular time in the company in which the leader is working(a) in.In this theory, Timothy (2000) states leaders follow the temper in the organization and take decisions according to the situation and the situation can be either internal or external which affects the organization in different ways. This theory is very important in current leadership because in the time of st reet corner, the decisions have to be with the situation and not the decisions which were taken in good time are good in this situation.This is very close to the Contingency Theory which is the alternative of anything that comes against the productivity or the profit, the leadership takes contingency theory and work on this which is the option based theory as stated by James (2008) who opines that leadership must have the answer to every question arises in the growth and development of the organization.Tesco Plc is also the well known and respected organization in which the leadership is going for welcomeing the targets and the decisions are taken according to the situation and this is the profitable strategy in the organization.PARTICIPATIVE THEORYThe participative theory is very common and world-shaking in the current leadership of the organizations. James (2008) states that the participative leadership and guidance style are open and flexible manner of management where employ ees have the prominent decision making role in the organization and the participation of the employees is considered as the plus of the organization. So this is very important accompanimentor in decision making of the organizational setup.This style is very much appreciated in progressing and growing organizations. Employees nip responsible and honoured by the leadership which boosts the morale of them in order to complete the tasks of the organization as Avolio (1999) described. This leadership style helps in the organization in decision making and when this style is applied, the team work and dignity of the employees come forth and they become more and more productive.Tesco plc is the organization that promotes the participative leadership theory in all departments and each and every sector of the peges of this giant.EXAMINE THE NEED FOR STRATEGIC lurch IN AN ORGANIZAITONAs Klenke (2004) states that change is the demand of the organizations for growth. It is very simple to un derstand that the organizations do not remain the same in all the conditions and situations and there can be the need to change sometimes the few and often the many dimensions of the organizations. In Tesco PLC it is very important to give more and more satisfaction to our customers regarding some discount on some items but through the help of vernal advertisements and new aspects of the organization like clubcard and etc.So now this card pull up stakes help the customers to get the points on each purchase from our stores and after getting the particularised points the customers will get the chance to have some sort of bonuses and rewards. For increasing our sales this system we are planning to implement as soon as possible. We had some sort of problems regarding the customers interest towards our sale of the specific items and the customers were moving to another retailer companies which is going against the profitability of the organization. So we as the best one the europium has launched the Tesco clubcard to demonstrate the valuable step towards the good will of the organization. This is the main reason for the change in our organization named Tesco PLC.Secondly we want the best staff to deal with the customers for that we are planning to recruit new and fresh people to get inside the company according to the Harold (2008), theory y which says that this the people work with commitment and eagerness not just to earn money and kill the time, so we are doing our best to get those people in the company for good results and meet the objectives.TASK 2.2ASSESS THE FACTORS THAT ARE DRIVING THE NEED FOR STRATEGIC CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZAITONECONOMICSAs the global recession is the worst and the whole earthly concern is suffering of this financial countdown everywhere. This factor drives the change in the organizations. The true management in terms of finance or economics is very necessary and there should not be any anatomy of weakness in the organization to deal with these matters. Otherwise, therefore there should be the perfect finance management and dealings with the economy to sustain in the todays economy.NEW MARKETSGreen (2007) opines the new markets and the production strategies are changing and advancing in terms of their struggle to stamp down the recession time with great sustainability and profitability around the world. So new markets are the threats to the organizations and only the organizations which overcome and win the market would survive in this crucial time of history.TASK 2.3ASSESS THE RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION NOT RESPONDING TO STRATEGIC CHANGEAs leadership and management deals with different issues in the companies, some of them are the well-nigh important because of their need and necessity in the organizations. Human resource is the vast department that organizes the major issues in the organizations.The first activity of the human resource is the enlisting and Selection with their costs in the companies. Leban (2008) opines that the in the recruitment the duty of the HRM is in various sectors. Firstly, it publishes or advertises the need of the organization or the companies as the vacancy comes in them. This is also the duty of the HRM to contact with the recruitment agencies for the better selection of the candidates in the companies.After the ads the term comes when the candidates come to the recruitment section and the interviews take place, if somebody passes the interview then it is the chance for that candidate to go further and get the training to join the organization for the post he has applied or for the post the admin believes that the soul can perform well according to the capability of the candidate.This is the very important aspect of the companies. if the right people are not coming in the companies then it will be impossible to have more and more innovative ideas in the companies. From the very first stage to the ending stage the HR plays the significant role in bringing the right people in the companies. But by these processes the huge amount of time is wasted and the resources are also misuse and the organization goes in the loss. This is one of the implications that do not respond to the change in the organizations.The next category is the Cost for Training Management. James (2008) states the training management is the favourable environment of the organization in which the organization gives the opportunity to enhance the capabilities of the employees. So the training of the employees is the responsibility of the HRM in the companies. In the trainings the employees get the idea and association to perform well in the organizations. Now trainings are very important but the costs that affect the financial structure of the organization is the one of the major problems in the organizations. So this is also the implication of the resource that do not respond to the change in the organization.TASK 3.1DEVELOP SYSTEMS TO INVOLVE STAKE HOLDERS IN THE prep OF CHANGETEAM DEVELOPMENTChance (2002) states that the team management system is recognised as the foremost integrated system of work-based, interrogation-proven assessment and feedback instruments worldwide_ supporting individuals, teams and organizations to effect positive and lasting change and obtain higher performance in the workplace. Team management is the system to motivate the team to work hard and happen upon the targets in a beautiful way.Team management is the commitment based eagerness to get the works done in the particular time period. The leaders in the team management do their best to motivate all the employees and try their best to improve the effectiveness in the employees and also the productivity of the employees to promote the organization.If the organization wants the employees to improve the skills for future then team development is the main factor that influences the skills of the employees to become more productive and effective for good results. Timothy (2000) opines that transformational leadership style is the ideal style of the leadership which motivates and uplifts the morale of the employees to work with the commitment and eagerness to promote the growth of the organization. If the people or employees are less effective and used to be controlled by someone who does not have the commitment within themselves, in this situation, the leader with the transforming skills can encourage the employees and change the behaviours of the employees to work effectively and become more productive and good for the organization.INFLUENCING SKILLSInfluencing skills are important in the development of the organizations and the leaders in the organization must have the influencing skills, organizations need the skill filled leaders to cope up with all the situations and tackle the problems. James (2008) opines that the influencing skills enable us to increase our credibility and helps to achieve and get more when working w ith other employees. As credibility is the key skill of the leaders which helps to achieve the goals and manage the task according to the preference of those.Besides this, managing the people is also the credibility of the leaders in this the leader encourages the employees and give them chance to feel good go working in the organizations. There it is also required to promote the coaction and cooperation between the employees. Managing yourself, the purpose of managing yourself is this that if the leader is trained and skilled and had the good credibility among the employees then the environment will be very nice and the productivity will be increased.Timothy (2000) states there are many positive skills which influences the employees for more effective results. The leader should has the persuading qualities to convince the others for the good future goals and then to change the behaviour of the others so that they would love to work with you for the more productivity. There should be the agreeing targets, everyone in the organization should do good and there should be not any kind of conflict in the organization. The feedback must be given by the leaders to the employees so that they may learn how to accept the new things and become use to with the change. coaching people is also an influencing skill that helps to tell the employees that there is no problem if there is any weakness but the desire to learn more and more must overcome the problems. If there are different opinions then there should be the quality in the leader to make unity in the employees and there must be the acceptance towards the new and best opinions.TASK 3.2DEVELOP A CHANGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY WITH STAKEHOLDERSTRAININIG AND COACHINGThe first learning style James (2008) states that the learning is the prominent and revealing way to develop from the trainings and the coaching. Training and coaching provide the scenario and the environment for the employees and the leaders to learn the des ired skills and competencies. The companies that progress do arrange the trainings with the time to develop the skills in the employees.MENTORINGIn the coaching, the experts share their excellent experience to the juniors to inspire and encourage the others for the good results in the companies. Klenke (2004) states the mentoring is the effective and suitable order of learning in the organizations and firms. In mentoring, the specialists in the companies impart their knowledge and first hand information to the people who learn in the mentoring classes. Mentoring get the employees filled with the individualised and professional skills.TASK 3.3EVALUATE THE SYSTEMS USED TO INVOLVE THE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE PLANNING OF CHANGEKotter and Cohen (2002) opine that the Team Development is a reliable and durable system of change which determines the foremost integrated system of the workplace. Everywhere in the organizations, the teams work is encouraged and appreciated but there should be the spirit of the team in the organizations to get the targets done and met the goals. This is the duty of the leader to train and develop the employees so that they may grow and become effective and perform their duties for the good will of the organizations.Green (2007) states team management system is recognised as the foremost integrated system of work-based, seek-proven assessment and feedback instruments worldwide_ supporting individuals, teams and organizations to effect positive and lasting change and achieve higher performance in the workplace. Now the there must be the unity in the team to work hard to do the tasks in the better and flexible way.The leaders must promote and regulate the team development to meet the goals of the organization. Senior (2001) opines that the Influencing Skills enable us to increases our credibility and helps to achieve and get more when working with other employees. As credibility is the key skill of the leaders which helps to achieve the goals and manage the task according to the preference of those. Besides this, managing the people is also the credibility of the leaders in this the leader encourages the employees and give them chance to feel good while working in the organizations.After the credibility, there are the skills which help you to influence others. There should be the agreeing targets, everyone in the organization should do good work and there should be not any kind of conflict in the organization. The feedback must be given by the leaders to the employees so that they may learn how to accept the new things and become use to with the change. Coaching people is also an influencing skill that helps to tell the employees that there is no problem if there is any weakness but the desire to learn more and more must overcome the problems. These skills and team development are necessary for the organizations and the management should work hard on promoting both of these.TASK 3.4CREATE A STRATEGY FOR MANAGING RESISTAN CE TO CHANGEThere can be several strategies to manage the impedance in the organizations during the implementation of the change. First of all this is very important to know what exactly the resistance is. James (2008) opines the resistance can be sensual, emotional, official and ethical and even cultural and it just creates hurdles in bringing and practically implementing the change in the organizations. The most effective area that helps the management to deal with the problems relating to the resistance in the change is the training and the education.The first learning style Klenke (2004) states that the learning is the prominent and impressive way to develop from the trainings and the coaching. Training and coaching provide the scenario and the environment for the employees and the leaders to learn the desired skills and competencies. The companies that progress do arrange the trainings with the time to develop the skills in the employees.So this is very important for the orga nizations that they adapt this method to tackle this problem that comes in the way of implementing the change in the organizations.TASK 4.1DEVELOP APPROPRIATE MODELS FOR CHANGEKURT LEWINS CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODEL (UNFREEZE, TRANSITION AND REFREEZE)James (2008) opines that Kurt Lewin gave the change model which has three effective and important stages. The first stage is called the Unfreeze, the second is Transition and then the last one is Refreeze. In the first stage, the author tells about getting fake for the change. This is half of the success in change because if the employees and stakeholders are happy and ready to receive and accept the change then the most of the times it does not take too long to implement the change. This stage makes the people ready and is very important in order to get the desired position.The next stage is Transition which is actually the process and not just the event in the change. The renewal is the inner movement of the theme of the change and the true introduction and implementation of the change. The second stage occurs when we make the changes that are needed in the organization to grow in all dimensions.Then the third and the last stage which is Freezing and the meaning of this stage is the establishing stability once the changes are made and done according to the change. In this stage the change are accepted and implemented and the new relationship develops among the leadership and the stakeholders.ACTION RESEARCH (PRIMARY SOURCE)The research can be taken in different ways but some specific terms are used in the research to make it more authentic and reliable. search itself is power packed formula for the companies to be taken into consideration and the other things are just the lowly. Two techniques are very common in terms of taking the effective research in the organizations.The first one is known as the Primary research technique which is very important in the process of the research. Chance (2002) states that the primary research technique is the one in which the data is taken directly from the customers or the market. The market is surveyed and then it comes to the authorities that something is not there then they try to make the things good and then satisfy the market with good results and products and customer services. Now there are different factors that are gnarled in this primary research technique. The primary research can be taken by the research in the field with the strong responsibility and veracity because this is very sensitive matter for the organizations, if the companies fail to do the proper research the it can be taken into consideration that the company or more are more sincere with their business and then satisfaction is not the main purpose for that particular organizations.But the real purpose of the organizations to undertake the research in the companies is the more and more satisfaction of the customers and the best to put in the services so that the companies get the maximum results in the return. In the field research, some research takes in the interviews and some on the phones but both of these methods are reliable and authentic. Sometimes there are surveys which are taken online or by the physical appearance.ACTION RESEARCH (SECONDRY SOURCE)The one another research technique is the Secondary Research technique. This is also very reliable but not like the primary. Harold (2008) states that the secondary research method is the one in which the data is not taken directly from the market but the companies take the help from other scholars books and other materials to fall in the related information required for the research in the plan for the better results. These kinds of results are very reliable and trusted. But the only thing to be considered is the fact and figures based on the reality.The research must be done transparently and very authentically. In the secondary research few factors are very important. The published texts and boo ks, magazines related with the research are very common in the secondary research technique. Then media is also the very reliable resource of information while making the plan and doing the research in the organizations. From media there are different program in which the information is given but the authenticity depends upon the institute which is handsome the data to the viewers. Then the data can be taken from different research institutes that help the organizations to deal information and then make collective efforts to come to the conclusion and do the tasks within the time period and then come to the place where they can make solid rules and regulations for the success of the companies. Now the secondary research methods are very important in the process of the research program for the organizations.PLAN TO IMPLEMENT A MODEL FOR CHANGETRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODELIn the transformational leadership model the model says the flexibility in the organization. There are no rig id rules and regulations like the bureaucratic organizations the environment is very delightful and good because of the good leadership who cares for the employees. Kehoe (2007) states that the system is so long in the bureaucratic system that the information is sometimes distorted and employees blame the organization for any mishaps in the company and the unity is damaged all the time. There are so many delays are also there in this system so the transformational model is the best and the need on the companies.Tesco PLC is focused on giving quality services to the customers and the proof is the great response from the market in every branch or store or this mighty giant and the third largest food retailer in the world. Transformational model is the need and very important for the constant success in the companies in order to grow in all dimensions.REFERENCESChance, P. (2002). Educational Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, first Edition. NY. 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